Processing Performance Microstructure Properties Metal Alloys Ferrous Steels

Processing Performance Microstructure Properties

Metal Alloys Ferrous Steels <1. 4 wt%C Cast Irons 3 -4. 5 wt%C Nonferrous Cu A Mg Ti

FCC ( or Austenite) Iron can hold up to 2. 14% Carbon! BCC ( or Ferrite) Iron has a low solubility limit (0. 022%) P 2. 14 E 4. 30 L + Fe 3 C F G x M O N H 0. 76 0. 022 Pearlite P C x’ Cementite Fe 3 C 6. 70

(a) Fine pearlite (b) coarse pearlite. 3000 X

ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟی ﻭ ﻏیﺮ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟی Austenite ( , FCC) slow cooling Coarse pearlite+ proeutectoid phase moderate cooling fast cooling Fine pearlite + proeutectic phase Bainite rapid quenching Matensite (BCT) reheating Castings Cold worked Tempered martensite

(Equilibrium treatment) ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟی Partial Annealing آﻨیﻞ ﺟﺰیی 13

(Equilibrium treatment) ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟی 14 Partial Annealing آﻨیﻞ ﺟﺰیی

(Equilibrium treatment) ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟی ﻣﻘﺎیﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ : ﻣکﺎﻧیکی The effect of carbon and heat treatment on the properties of plain-carbon steels 19

(Equilibrium treatment) ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟی Spheroidizing The microstructure of spheroidite, with Fe 3 C particles dispersed in a ferrite matrix ( 850). کﺮﻭی کﺮﺩﻥ 20

(Equilibrium treatment) ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟی Stress ﺗﻨﺶ گیﺮی relieving 22

ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣکﺎﻧیکی - ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی Charpy Toughness (Jol) ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺷکﺴﺖ ﻓﻠﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ آﻠیﺎژﻬﺎ Ductile Behavior Brittle Behavior Transition Temperature (DBTT) Temperature (°C) 25

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ TTT ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ 26

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ Austenite to Pearlite Transformation TTT ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ 27

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ 28

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ 29 TTT ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ Cooling Heating + Fe 3 C æ Q ö D = Doexp çè RT ø Microstructure of pearlite in 1080 steel, formed from austenite of eutectoid composition: 2500 X 30

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﺸکیﻞ پﺮﻟیﺖ 31

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﺸکیﻞ پﺮﻟیﺖ Growth and structure of pearlite: (a) redistribution of carbon and iron, and (b) photomicrograph of the pearlite lamellae (2000) 32

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ (FCC) (BCC) ﺗﻐییﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ آﺴﺘﻨیﺖ + Fe 3 C (BCT) 33

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ Martensite ﻣﺎﺭﺗﻨﺰیﺖ 34

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ 35

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ (a) Lath martensite in low-carbon steel ( 80). (b) Plate martensite in high-carbon steel ( 400). 36

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ Bainite ﺑیﻨیﺖ 37

(Time Temperature Transformation) TTT ﺩیﺎگﺮﺍﻡ Bainite ﺑیﻨیﺖ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑیﻨیﺖ 38

(Non equilibrium treatment) ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی ﻏیﺮﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟی ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎی ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺨﺖ کﺮﺩﻥ Formation of quench cracks caused by residual stresses produced during quenching 48

(Non equilibrium treatment) ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی ﻏیﺮﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟی Others Hardening Methods The austempering and isothermal anneal heat treatments in a 1080 steel : ﺩیگﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎی ﺳﺨﺖ کﺮﺩﻥ 50

(Case-Hardening Process ) ﺳﺨﺖ کﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺤی Suitable Temperature • Between 495 and 565°C (for Steels) 2

(Case-Hardening Process ) ﺳﺨﺖ کﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺤی • ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ Fick’s second law Error function • Diffusion coefficient Self diffusion [m 2 /s] activation energy æ Q ö [J/mol], [Kcal/mol] D = Doexp ç- d è RT ø gas constant • Diffusion depth 56 [8. 31 J/mol-K] [0. 987 kcal/mol-K]

(Case-Hardening Process ) ﺳﺨﺖ کﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺤی Induction Hardening 60 ﺳﺨﺖ کﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎیی

(Case-Hardening Process ) ﺳﺨﺖ کﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺤی 61

2 Precipitation/Age) ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی آﻠیﺎژﻬﺎی ﻏیﺮ آﻬﻨی (Hardening : ﻣﺮﺣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی ﺳﺨﺘی ﺭﺳﻮﺑی (a) Phase diagram for the aluminum-copper alloy system. (b) Various micro - structures obtained during the age-hardening process

Precipitation/Age) ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗی آﻠیﺎژﻬﺎی ﻏیﺮ آﻬﻨی (Hardening The effect of aging temperature and time on the yield strength of an Al-4% Cu alloy 2

Plasma Hardening What is Plasma? 65

Plasma Hardening Plasma torch in operation 66

Plasma Hardening In a plasma arc torch, the plasma gas serves as a resistive heating element to convert electricity into heat. Because it is a gas and cannot melt, temperatures in excess of 7000°C can be produced. 67

Plasma Hardening Plasma hardening die steel 68

Thermal Spray Coating Definition 6

Thermal Spray Coating 7