PROBLEMS OF THE DAY SIMPLIFY EACH EXPRESSION BELOW

PROBLEMS OF THE DAY SIMPLIFY EACH EXPRESSION BELOW. 1. 2. 3. = y 13 = -10 d 7 = – 72 a 33 b 14

PROBLEMS OF THE DAY SIMPLIFY EACH EXPRESSION BELOW. 4. ) 5. ) 6. )

Algebra 1 ~ Chapter 8. 4 Polynomials

Remember: A monomial is a number, a variable, or a product of numbers and variabl with whole-number exponents. “Mono” – single term The degree of a monomial is the sum of the exponents of the variables. A constant has degree 0.

Ex. 1 - Find the degree of each monomia A. 4 p 4 q 3 The degree is 7. B. 7 ed The degree is 2. Add the exponents of the variables: 4 + 3 = 7. A variable written without an exponent has an exponent of 1. 1+ 1 = 2. C. 3 The degree is 0. There is no variable, but you can write 3 as 3 x 0.

* A polynomial is the sum or difference of monomials. The degree of a polynomial is the degree of the term with the greatest degree. “poly” – many An example of a polynomial is 3 a + 4 b – 8 c That expression consists of three monomials “combined” with addition or subtraction.

Some polynomials have special names based on the number of terms they have.

Ex. 2 – Find the degree of each polynomia Then name the polynomials based on # of terms. A. ) 5 m 4 + 3 m This polynomial The greatest degree is 4, so the degree of the polynomial is 4. B. ) -4 x 3 y 2 + 3 x 2 + 5 The degree of the polynomial is 5. has 2 terms, so it is a binomial. This polynomial has 3 terms, so it is a trinomial. C. ) 3 a + 7 ab – 2 a 2 b The degree of the polynomial is 3. This polynomial has 3 terms, so it is a trinomial.

Writing Polynomials in Order ¢ The terms of a polynomial are usually arranged so that the powers of one variable are in ascending (increasing) order or descending (decreasing) order.

Ex. 3 – Arrange the terms of the polynomial so that the powers of x are in descending order. 6 x – 7 x 5 + 4 x 2 + 9 Find the degree of each term. Then arrange them in decreasing order: 6 x – 7 x 5 + 4 x 2 + 9 Degree 1 5 2 – 7 x 5 + 4 x 2 + 6 x + 9 0 5 2 1 0 The polynomial written in descending order is -7 x 5 + 4 x 2 + 6 x + 9.

Ex. 4 - Write the terms of the polynomial so that the powers of x are in descending order. y 2 + y 6 − 3 y Find the degree of each term. Then arrange them in decreasing order: y 2 + y 6 – 3 y Degree 2 6 1 y 6 + y 2 – 3 y 6 2 1 The polynomial written in descending order is y 6 + y 2 – 3 y.

6 -2 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials Algebra 1 ~ Chapter 8. 5 “Adding and Subtracting Polynomials”

6 -2 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials Warm Up - Simplify each expression by combining like terms. 1. 4 x + 2 x 6 x 2. 3 y + 7 y 10 y 3. 8 p – 5 p 3 p 4. 5 n + 6 n 2 Not like terms 9 x 2 5. 3 x 2 + 6 x 2 6. 12 xy – 4 xy 8 xy

o Just as you can perform operations on numbers, you can perform operations on polynomials. o To add or subtract polynomials, combine like terms.

Example 1: Adding and Subtracting Monomials A. 12 p 3 + 11 p 2 + 8 p 3 12 p 3 + 8 p 3 + 11 p 2 20 p 3 + 11 p 2 B. 5 x 2 – 6 – 3 x + 8 5 x 2 – 3 x + 8 – 6 5 x 2 – 3 x + 2 Arrange the terms so the “like” terms are next to each other and then simplify.

Polynomials can be added in either vertical or horizontal form. Simplify (5 x 2 + 4 x + 1) + (2 x 2 + 5 x + 2) In vertical form, align the like terms and add: 2 5 x 2 + 4 x + 1 + 2 x + 5 x + 2 2 7 x + 9 x + 3

In horizontal form, regroup and combine like terms. 2 2 (5 x + 4 x + 1) + (2 x + 5 x + = 2) (5 x 2 + 2 x 2) + (4 x + 5 x) + (1 + 2) = 7 x 2 + 9 x + 3

Example 2: Adding Polynomials A. (4 m 2 + 5 m + 1) + (m 2 + 3 m + 6) (4 m 2 + m 2) + (5 m + 3 m) + (1 + 6) 5 m 2 + 8 m + 7 B. (10 xy + x) + (– 3 xy + y) (10 xy – 3 xy) + x + y 7 xy + x + y

Example 2: Adding Polynomials C.

Subtracting Polynomials Simplify (4 x + 5) – ( 2 x + 1) Option #1: Option #2: Recall that (4 x – 2 x) + (5 – 1 ) you can subtract a number by adding its opposite. 2 x + 4 (4 x + 5) + (-2 x – 1) (4 x + -2 x) + (5 + 1) 2 x + 4

Example 3: Subtracting Polynomials A. (4 m 2 + 5 m + 1) − (m 2 + 3 m + 6) (4 m 2 − m 2) + (5 m − 3 m) + (1 − 6) 3 m 2 + 2 m – 5 B. (10 x 3 + 5 x + 6) − (– 3 x 3 + 4) (10 x 3 - - 3 x 3) + (5 x – 0 x) + (6 – 4) 13 x 3 + 5 x + 2

Example 3 C: Subtracting Polynomials (7 m 4 – 2 m 2) – (5 m 4 – 5 m 2 + 8) (7 m 4 – 5 m 4) + (− 2 m 2 – − 5 m 2) + (0 – 8) (7 m 4 – 5 m 4) + (– 2 m 2 + 5 m 2) – 8 2 m 4 + 3 m 2 – 8

Example 3 D: Subtracting Polynomials (– 10 x 2 – 3 x + 7) – (x 2 – 9) (– 10 x 2 – x 2) + (− 3 x – 0 x) + (7 – -9) – 11 x 2 – 3 x + 16

Lesson Wrap Up Simplify each expression. 1. 7 m 2 + 3 m + 4 m 2 11 m 2 + 3 m 2. (r 2 + s 2) – (5 r 2 + 4 s 2) – 4 r 2 – 3 s 2 3. (10 pq + 3 p) + (2 pq – 5 p + 6 pq) 4. (14 d 2 – 8) – (6 d 2 – 2 d + 1) 18 pq – 2 p 8 d 2 +2 d – 9 5. (2. 5 ab + 14 b) – (– 1. 5 ab + 4 b) 4 ab + 10 b

Assignment Study Guide 8 -4 (In-Class) ¢ Study Guide 8 -5 (In-Class) ¢ Skills Practice 8 -4 (Homework) ¢ Skills Practice 8 -5 (Homework) ¢