Problem Solving Sequence What is a problem n

Problem Solving Sequence

What is a problem? n n An obstacle stands in the way of a goal you want to reach Or when there is a discrepancy between in initial state and a goal state and no ready-made solution yet

When you face the problems, you will… n n n Try to solve it on your own Seek help from the others Just ignore the problems

Problem solving sequence n In order to solve the problems in an effective way, there has the problem solving sequence to follow

1. Define and limit the problem n n Discover the problem / To identify the real problem what appears to be the problem may be just as symptom and not the REAL underlying problem

2. Analyze the problem and gather information n n n n To think carefully where is the problem? Why causes this problem? What are the various factors to cause the problem? After analyze the problems information collection 1. Gathering data and ideas 2. Clustering information 3. Developing options

n n n Steps 1 and 2 are essential before make the final solutions. If not: The solution may not work Fail to solve the problem The problem goes worse Bring extra trouble to the others May affect the morale (if work in group)

3. Establish criteria for possible solutions n n n n Can improve the situation? Really work? What can be changed? e. g. new methods and standards Available resources ? e. g. time, money, people Any restrictions? e. g. time, money, traditions

4. Suggest all possible solutions n n n Use convergent and/or divergent thinking to suggest possible solutions based on the selected criteria Convergent thinking make consideration (in a logical way) Divergent thinking use imaginations (but be realistic)

5. Select the best solution n n Consider all possible solutions carefully Outweigh the pro and cons of all possible solutions Anticipate the possible outcomes Choose the best one that satisfied the problems/ reach the goals

6. Plan for implementing the solution n n After chose the best solution Think how to implement the solution? create an action plan follow the procedures monitor the progress when deal with the problem (yourself or ask others)

n n n n n Follow the sequences congrulation probably can solve the problem successfully learn from the experience If failed to solve the problem don’t give up review the sequences again find out which steps go wrong correct it finally can solve the problem too

Helpful hints for problem solver n n n For individual problem focus on what is ahead look at a particular problem be goal related, but be realistic put oneself in the solution in an active capacity seeking others’ advices

n n n For group problem avoid interpersonal conflicts promote variety put aside prior commitments leader/manager can encourage colleagues to participate and give more advices

Reference n n n Ideal Problem Solver (2 nd edition), 1993 by John D. Bransford, Barry S. Stein Problem Solving and Decision Making, 1993 by Graham Wilson Problem Solving (2 nd edition), 1993 by Hank Kahney

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