Private Forest Ownership and Wood Mobilization in Europe

Private Forest Ownership and Wood Mobilization in Europe Franziska Hirsch and Sebastian Hetsch UNECE/FAO Timber Section UN Economic Commission for Europe EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Overview 1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry 1. 1 Ownership Distribution 1. 2 Socio-Economic Observations 1. 3 Trends 2. Wood Availability and Mobilization 2. 1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand Availability 2. 2 Wood Mobilization EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Private Forest Ownership in Europe UNECE/FAO/MCPFE/CEPF Enquiry Specification Issues Forest ownership Holding structure Socio-economic data Trends Private Public Other Individuals / fami- State / provincial / communal lies/ institutions Total area of holdings Total number of holdings by size classes Individual owners Age + Occu. Gender pation Resi- Objecdence tives Restitution / Privatisation Changes in past 15 years Organisation in FOAs, Fragmentation EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Private Forest Ownership Enquiry § addressed to 38 MCPFE countries § 23 participated Iceland Finland Norway Estonia Sweden Russian Federation Latvia Countries that participated Lithuania Denmark Belarus Ireland United Kingdom Netherlands Ukraine Poland Countries that did not participate Germany Belgium Czech Rep. Slovakia Luxembourg Austria France Switzerland Moldova Romania Countries not addressed Slovenia Italy Andorra Hungary Bosnia and Croatia Herzegovina Serbia and Bulgaria Montenegro FYR Macedonia Albania Portugal Turkey Spain Greece Malta Cyprus EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Overview 1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry 1. 1 Ownership Distribution 1. 2 Socio-Economic Observations 1. 3 Trends 2. Wood Availability and Mobilization 2. 1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand Availability 2. 2 Wood Mobilization EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Overall Ownership Distribution (a) Includes: land where ownership is not defined, land that belongs to indigenous or tribal people. Significant share of private ownership (50%) EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Overall Ownership Distribution … large difference at the country level (b) Countries with predominance of private ownership EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Overall Ownership Distribution … large difference at the country level (c) Countries with predominance of public ownership EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Ownership Categories (a) Private Forest mostly owned by Individuals/ Families Public Forests mostly owned by the State EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Country Level Structure (b) EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Country Level Structure (c) EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Holding Structure Restitution/privation: often towards smallholding. . . large variances on a country level EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Overview 1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry 1. 1 Ownership Distribution 1. 2 Socio-Economic Observations 1. 3 Trends 2. Wood Availability and Mobilization 2. 1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand Availability 2. 2 Wood Mobilization EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Socio economic observations (a) Large variability in age class amongst private forest owners. . . EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Socio economic observations (b) . . . often outside traditional agricultural / forestry sector EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Overview 1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry 1. 1 Ownership Distribution 1. 2 Socio-Economic Observations 1. 3 Trends 2. Wood Availability and Mobilization 2. 1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand Availability 2. 2 Wood Mobilization EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Findings/Trends Issue Findings Restitution / Privatisation in CEEC Nearing completion in most countries, ongoing in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia Towards small holdings in some countries (PL, SL, CZ) Holding Association structure Large difference in number of national FAOs, membership of international FOAs and share of organized owners: „all“ in AT, „almost all „in FI, 1% in PL Ownership and increment/ fellings Lower fellings in private forests despite often higher increment rate EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Overview 1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry 1. 1 Ownership Distribution 1. 2 Socio-Economic Observations 1. 3 Trends 2. Wood Availability and Mobilization 2. 1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand Availability 2. 2 Wood Mobilization EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Energy Policies, Wood Demand & Availability § UNECE/FAO Timber Section work on forest resources, wood markets and outlook • European Forest Sector Outlook Study (EFSOS 1960 2000 2020) • UNECE/FAO/IEA/EU Joint Wood Energy Enquiry (2006) http: //www. unece. org/trade/timber/mis/energy/activities. htm § Promotion of renewable energy by EU and national governments (2020: 20) § Wood currently (2005) most important RES in EU EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Energy Policies, Wood Demand & Availability Study “Wood Resource Availability and Demand: Implications of renewable energy policies” § Difference of 47 mil m 3 between supply and consumption (2005) § Energy policies require (in EU/EFTA) + 138 mil m 3 in 2010 and + 277 mil m 3 in 2020 Need to mobilize more wood resource § Empirical research urgently needed § UNECE/FAO Policy Forum “Bioenergy policies and targets” (10 Oct 2007) EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Overview 1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry 1. 1 Ownership Distribution 1. 2 Socio-Economic Observations 1. 3 Trends 2. Wood Availability and Mobilization 2. 1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand Availability 2. 2 Wood Mobilization EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

Wood Mobilization UNECE/FAO/MCPFE/CEPI Workshop “Mobilizing Wood Resources” (January 2007) § Conclusions and recommendations: • • Achieve policy coherence Collect, make available comprehensive, reliable information Involve whole wood supply chain Empower forest owners: clustering, association Provide education and training Develop forest infrastructure Respect limits of SFM http: //www. unece. org/trade/timber/workshops/2007/wmw/mobilisingwood. htm EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels

More Information § UNECE/FAO Timber Section www. unece. org/trade/timber § Private Forest Ownership Database & background information: www. unece. org/trade/timber/WA 2. html Franziska. Hirsch@unece. org, Tel: +41 22 917 24 80 § Wood Availability and Mobilization: www. unece. org/trade/timber/docs/tc sessions/tc 65/policyforum/ Sebastian. Hetsch@unece. org, Tel. : +41 22 917 41 70 EUROFORENET Conference 19 November 2007, Brussels