Printing By Sadek Munawar What is printing Printing

Printing By Sadek Munawar

What is printing? Printing is the process of reproducing texts or images. A print is not created by directly drawing on paper but through an indirect transfer process. Throughout history various methods of printing has been invented and developed. Printing help ideas to spread because hundreds or thousands of copies of one's work could be made and dispersed. Because of printing books are inexpensive, which increases the literacy among the common people. Today printing is used to print newspapers, books, flyers and other items.

History and Development ❖ The earliest method of printing is Woodblock printing. ➢ Originated in China around 220 AD. ➢ Most common East Asian method of printing books and other texts until the 19 th century. ❖ In 1040 AD, during the song dynasty, Bi Sheng invented Movable type printing. ➢ It was made of ceramic. ❖ Around 1440, Johannes Gutenberg invented the Printing press. ➢ Increased the production books ❖ Lithography, discovered in 1798 by Alois Senefelder of Munich ➢ It was cheap way to print text and artworks. ❖ In 1822, Charles Babbage invented the First Mechanical printer. Woodblock printing Movable Type Printing

Gutenberg Printing press Johannes Gutenberg a goldsmith and businessman from Germany developed the printing press from technology of the screw-type wine presses. It works by rolling ink over the surfaces of moveable hand-set block letters held within a wooden form and the form is then pressed by a plate against a sheet of paper. Used a large screw that forced the plate down when turned. ● The moveable type design allowed pages of text to be quickly assembled from a selection of letters and symbols. ● It remained in use (unchanged) until the 20 th century. v Gutenberg printing press

Importance of Gutenberg Printing press ● It brought down the price of printed materials and led to the first mass production of books in history because it could create copies of books more quickly than human hand. In fact, it could print up to 1500 pages per day. This led to rapid development in the sciences, arts and religion through the transmission of texts because with access to printing presses, scientists, philosophers, politicians, and religious officials could replicate their ideas quickly and make them available to other people. ● Printed materials were first popular among the people of lower classes because hand-inked books were a sign of luxury for the wealthy. Because of the low price printing had a significant effect on the education of the Lay people during the middle ages. ● According to many historians, Printing was one of the key factor that led to the Renaissance movement. Gutenberg Bible, first book printed using mass-produced movable type

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