Principles of Metabolic Regulation Glucose and Glycogen Part

Principles of Metabolic Regulation: Glucose and Glycogen Part 2

Learning Goals: Know 1. How Insulin works to affect genes for gluconeogenesis. 2. How glycogen breakdown works. 3. How liver cells get glycogen converted to glucose not in the presence of hexokinase. Why? 4. How Glycogen synthesis works beginning with glycogenin. 5. How the Cori cycle works. 6. Regulation of Glycogen synthase and Glycogen Phosphorylase.

Glycogen Granules, Liver Cell

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Glycogen Phosphorylase and Debranching Enzyme

Phosphoglucomutase

Liver Transports Glucose to Blood Not a Cytoplasmic Enzyme

Glycogen Synthase uses UDP-glucose Synthase or Synthetase There is a difference!

NDP-sugar Pyrophosphorylase + H 2 O

Glycogen Synthase

Branching Enzyme Amylo (1 4) to (1 6) Transglycosylase

Glycogenin

The Cori’s

Discovered Various Glycogen Diseases

Cori Cycle in Rapid Exercising Muscle and other ways Muscle becomes Anaerobic

Cori Cycle

Covalent Modification

Discovery of c-AMP 9

Glycogen Phosphorylase Regulation EOC Problem 6: Physiological function of Glycogen Phosphorylase. EOC Problem 7: Looks at Phosphorylase Eq in relationship to regulation. EOC Problem 8: More on Phosphorylase Regulation.

Phosphorylation Cascade with Ca++ and AMP

Phosphorylase is Also Regulated by Glucose Allosterically EOC Problem 10: glycogen breakdown in migrating birds vs. a fleeing rabbit.

Glycogen Synthase Regulation

Glycogen Synthase Kinase

GSK 3 is Phosphorylated to Inactivity

Glycogen Synthase and Phosphorylase Are a Protein Module

EOC Problem 15 is all about going from high blood glucose to low blood glucose.

Difference Between Liver and Muscle

Things to Know and Do Before Class 1. How Insulin works to affect genes for gluconeogenesis. 2. How glycogen breakdown works. 3. How liver cells get glycogen converted to glucose not in the presence of hexokinase. Why? 4. Glycogen synthesis beginning with glycogenin. 5. How the Cori cycle works. 6. Regulation of Glycogen synthase and Glycogen Phosphorylase. 7. EOC Problems 6 -8, 10, 15