Principles of design Composition Dynamic Static Balance Symmetryasymmetry

Principles of design: • Composition – Dynamic – Static • Balance – Symmetry/asymmetry – Radial – Crystallographic • Unity/Variety – motif • Repetition • Rhythm • Emphasis

Composition: the arrangement of parts to make a unified whole

Static composition: arrangement that gives a sense of stability, calm, and stillness

Static composition • • Stable Less tension Sameness Sense of stillness, quiet Horizontal, vertical elements Forms that reiterate the format Symmetry Forms on the axis (horizontal or vertical)

Philip Guston Apples

L. Feininger Untitled

Dynamic composition: arrangement that gives a sense of instability, tension, movement

dynamic composition • • Less stable More tension Variety Sense of movement, busy-ness Diagonal elements Forms that differ from the format Asymmetry Forms off the axis

K. Hokusai Boats in Tempest

Ed Ruscha Trademark Sign with Eight Spot Lights

Balance – distribution of the visual weight of design elements. Three Types of Balance • Symmetry & Asymmetry • Crystallographic • Radial

Symmetry • The placement of identical (or nearly identical) elements on either side of a vertical or horizontal axis.

Asymmetry • The placement of dissimilar elements on either side of a vertical or horizontal axis.

Mary Ellen Mark Barcelona

Crystallographic • the placement of many similar objects in a ‘field’ over the entire picture plane.

Jackson Pollock Black and White

Andy Warhol 200 Soup Cans

Radial Balance • Placement of objects so that they seem to ‘radiate’ from a central point equally.

Judy Chicago Dinner Party Sappho Plate

Unity (cohesion) with variety Tony Cragg Middle Way

Agnes Martin untitled

Unity with variety Wayne Thiebaud Refrigerator Pies

Repetition - the effect of recurring or repetitious line, colors, forms. etc.

Margaret Bourke-White Prospective Pattern

Anselm Kiefer Untitled

Rhythm – the repetition of multiple parts in a composition to create a pattern of positive and negative, other contrasting forces. • Progressive – type of repetition in which intervals incrementally change. • Alternating – type of repetition in which two or more different patterns recur in an interchanging interval.

Edward Weston Artichoke

Progressive- Imogen Cunningham Mills College Amphitheater

Alternating. Romare Bearden Return of Prodigal Son

Alternating. Picasso Guernica

Alternating-Dale Fleming Corporate Attire

Emphasis – drawing attention to a portion in a composition. • The emphasized area is called a focal point. Three ways to create a focal point: • Isolation • Placement at the end of the visual path • Contrast

Emphasis (Isolation)

Emphasis (isolation)

Emphasis (placement)

Emphasis (placement)

Emphasis (contrast) Shen Chou Walking with a Staff

Francisco Zurbaran The Funeral of Saint Bonaventure (Contrast)

Review Review

What is crystallographic balance? • the placement of many similar objects in a ‘field’ over the entire picture plane.

Mary Cassett’s painting best represent what type of principle? • Asymmetry

What is the definition for asymmetry? • The placement of dissimilar elements on either side of a vertical or horizontal axis.

This illustration represents which type of balance? asymmetrical

What are two types of rhythm? • Progressive – type of repetition in which intervals incrementally change. • Alternating – type of repetition in which two or more different patterns recur in an interchanging interval.

What is the definition of Repetition? • the effect of recurring or repetitious line, colors, forms. etc.

This image represents which principle? Crystallographic

Thomas Eakins The Pathetic Song • Emphasis by Contrast

terms • Balance • Unity