Principles of Cell Theory Cell is the basic

Principles of Cell Theory § Cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things which made of protoplasm ( )ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻪ. § All organisms are composed of cells. § Cells are the smallest living things. § Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell. § Typical: cell size between 10 – 100 Micrometer

Two Types of Cells 1 - Prokaryotic Cells ( ()ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ quick review) 2 –Eukaryotic Cells ( )ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ -There is no nucleus but contains genetic material (DNA). - Cytoplasm -Plasma membrane -Cell wall -Ribosomes This type of cell is prevalent in bacteria cell

Two Types of Cells 2 – Eukaryotic Cells -Contain nucleus and other organelles surrounded by membranes. -Involve most living organisms. ANIMAL CELL

Animal and plant cell components: - Surrounding the cell 1 - Cell membrane: ( )ﻏﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ -Consist of double layer of phospholipids and proteins. -Controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.

Animal and plant cell components: A- Surrounding the cell ( )ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ 2 - Cell wall: ( )ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ -It protects and provides skeletal support that helps keep the plant upright against gravity. -Most commonly found in plant cells and bacteria. - Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose.

Animal and plant cell components: B- Inside the Cell ( )ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ 1 - Cytoplasm : ( )ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺘﻮﺑﻼﺯﻡ -Surrounded by cell membrane. -It is composed mainly of water and also contains organelles, and various organic molecules. - The cytoplasm helps to move materials around the cell and also dissolves cellular waste.

Animal and plant cell components: B- Inside the Cell 2 - Nucleus : ( )ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺓ -The nucleus controls the cell’s activities and is responsible for inheritance. -Inside is a complex of proteins and DNA called chromatin, which makes up the cell’s chromosomes. - Part of this nucleus is the nucleolus ( )ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻳﺔ which make ribosomes.

Animal and plant cell components: B- Inside the Cell 3 - Endoplasmic Reticulum : ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻭﺑﻼﺯﻣﻴﺔ -Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes. - Synthesis of lipids ) ( ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻖ ﺩﻫﻮﻥ drug detoxification ) ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ( ﺳﻤﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻳﺔ etc. . rough ER: ribosomes embedded on surface which play important role of creating proteins ) ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ( ﻭﺗﺨﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﺎﺕ

Animal and plant cell components: B- Inside the Cell 4 - Mitochondria : ( )ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺘﻮﻛﻨﺪﺭﻳﺎ -Produces energy through chemical reactions. - Controls level of water and other materials in cell.

5 - Golgi Bodies: ( )ﺍﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺟﻮﻟﺠﻲ - Golgi Bodies are a membranous structure found in plant and animal cells. -The primary function of the Golgi bodies is to process macromolecules, such as proteins and lipids materials and transport them within and out of the cell. -They have secretory activities of the cell.

6 -Lysosome & 7 -Centrosomes ﺍﻻﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺿﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ -Lysosome is a membranous sac containing digestive enzymes which found in animal cells. One of the several functions of lysosomes is to remove or recycle damaged parts of a cell. Lysosome - Centrosome is composed of groupings of microtubules, called Centrioles which Play a role in cell division. centrosomes

8 -Vacuoles: ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺍﺕ -Vacuoles are membranous sacs that are found in a variety of cells and possess an assortment of functions (common in plant cells). Examples are the central vacuoles in plants have hydrolytic functions, help plants to growth, maintain shape and remove toxic materials. Pigment vacuoles in plants to provide color to flowers, and other contractile vacuoles in some protists to expel water from the cell. Chloroplast Nucleus Central Vacuole Central vacuole in a plant cell

9 - Chloroplasts ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍﺀ - Chloroplasts are the photosynthesizing organelles of plants. Photosynthesis is to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy which produce Glucose (food) for plants. This is performed in the presence of CO 2 qnd water. The important parts of chloroplasts are the stroma, thylakoids, and grana The chloroplast

Finally: what is the main difference between animal and plant cells? § Although there are many similarities between animal and plant cells, differences exist: – Lysosomes and Centrosomes are not found in plant cells. – Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole not found in animal cells.