Prince Louie Victor de Broglie LouisVictorPierreRaymond 7 th

Prince Louie Victor de Broglie 德布羅意 Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7 th duc de Broglie (18921987) House of Broglie since 1600’s

Solvay 1911

電子的繞射實驗 Davidson and Germer in US, G. Thomson in UK 1927 電子也是一種波，物質波

Schrodinger Wave Equation Davos, Swiss 1925

1926

Schrodinger Equation

I read your paper the way a curious child listens in suspense to the solution of a puzzle that he has been bothered about for a long time. M. Planck I am convinced that you have made a decisive advance with your formulation of quantum theory, just as I am equally convinced that the Heisenberg-Born route is off the track. A. Einstein

I knew of Heisenberg’s theory, but I felt discouraged, not to say repelled, by the methods o transcendental algebra, which appeared difficult to me, and lacked of visualizability. Schrodinger 1926 The more I think about the physical portion of Schrodinger’s theory, the more repulsive I find it. What Schrodinger writes about visualizability of his theory is probably not quite right. In other words, it’s crap. 1926 Young man, Prof. Schrodinger will certainly take care of all these observability problem in due time. You must understand we are now finished with all that nonsense about quantum jumps! An old prof. at Munich to Heisenberg 1926

不確定性開始登陸了！ In Qunatum Mechanics, there exists no quantity which in an individual case can determine the result of a collision. I myself is inclined to give up determinism in atomic world. Max Born 1926

There is no hope. The whole idea of quantum jumps leads to nonsense. If we are going to have to put up with these damn quantum jumps, I am sorry that I ever had anything to do with quantum theory.

Quantum Wonderland Alice laughed. “There‘s no use trying, ” she said: “one can’t believe impossible things. ” “Why, sometimes I’ve believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast” (Lewis 127). 量子的世界是非常奇異的。面對單一個量子是十分詭異的。

波狀的態，有特定的動量，但位置不定！ 粒子狀的態，有特定的位置，但動量的確定性已消失。 You can look at the world with q-eyes and you can look at the world with p-eyes. But if you want to open both eyes at the same time, you will go crazy! Pauli 電子的動量與位置不能同時測準！

電子的位置與動量不能同時精確測量， 這個結果就是海森堡的測不準原理 。 The more precisely the position is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known in this instant, and vice versa. --Heisenberg, uncertainty paper, Mar 1927 對於電子任何狀態而言，位置 與動量測量的不準度必須滿足： 不確定性攻打進城了！

Quantum Wonderland Alice laughed. “There‘s no use trying, ” she said: “one can’t believe impossible things. ” “I dare say you haven‘t had much practice, ” said the Queen. “When I was your age, I always did it for half-an-hour a day. Why, sometimes I’ve believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast” (Lewis 127).

Quantum Mechanics is very imposing. But an inner voice tells me that it is not real thing. The theory delivers a lot but hardly brings us closer to the secrets of the Old One. I for one am convinced that He does not throw dice. Einstein to Born 1926

There is no hope. The whole idea of quantum jumps leads to nonsense. If we are going to have to put up with these damn quantum jumps, I am sorry that I ever had anything to do with quantum theory. Schrodinger, sick, on bed side said to Bohr, 1926 The rest of us are very thankful for wave mechanics for its clarity and simplicity. Bohr returned, 1926

Solvay 1927

Solvay 1930

哥本哈根學派 Uncertainty has won the battle！ The soothing Heisenberg-Bohr philosophy-or religion? -is so nicely made that for now it offers the true believer a soft pillow from which it’s not easily rousted. So let him lie. Einstein

Triumph after 1927

Professor at Leipzig

Relativity and Quantum physics are Jewish Physics! Heisenberg is only one example of many others. . . They are all representatives of Judaism in German spiritual life who must all be eliminated just as the Jews themselves. --SS newspaper, 1937

Escape

Now, German Atomic Bomb

"Yes, Heisenberg, but. . . " During the spring of 1941, Heisenberg’s research team in Leipzig obtained evidence of neutron multiplication in a reactor experiment—a chain reaction was a practical possibility. Bohr met with Heisenberg sometime during the week of September 15 -21, 1941. There is no contemporary record of what was said during the private meeting, but Bohr was clearly upset by it afterward.

Fortunately it failed! HEISENBERG: The point is that the whole structure of the relationship between the scientist and the state in Germany was such that although we were not 100% anxious to do it, on the other hand we were so little trusted by the state that even if we had wanted to do it, it would not have been easy to get it through.

I wished to procure for science some right to take the initiative in public affairs.