PRIMATE EVOLUTION Chapter 16 Notes If you printed

PRIMATE EVOLUTION Chapter 16 Notes If you printed the outline, take it out – otherwise this will be posted after we finish up the notes.

Primate Adaptation & Evolution Ch. 16, Sec. 1

Primates = group of animals that includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans l Common traits among primates: l l Large brains (relative to body size) l Social interactions l Flexible shoulder & hip joints

l l Opposable Thumb = thumb that can cross the palm to meet the other fingertips Adaptation for griping & climbing

l Binocular Vision = both eyes in the front l l Better depth perception, jumping from tree to tree Color Vision allows primates to find food that has most nutrition l Ex: Unripe vs. Ripe fruit

Primate Origins Primates share evolutionary history l Fossil, anatomical, DNA evidence show a close relationship l Primates classified into 2 groups l

Primate Ancestors Haplorhines Strepsirrhines Anthropoids Hominids Old World monkeys Tarsiers African apes Gibbons Orangutans Humans New World monkeys Lemurs Lorises, Pottos and Galagos

Humanlike Primates Evolve l Anthropoids = humanlike primates; hominoids, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys

New World monkeys found in Central & South America l Arboreal (live in trees) l Prehensile Tail = can be used as a 5 th limb l

Old World monkeys found in Africa & Asia l No prehensile tail l Can live in trees or on the ground l

Hominoids = apes & humans l Apes l l No l tails, walk on 2 legs w/ support from hands Humans l Large brains, walk upright

Human Ancestry Ch. 16, Sec. 2

Hominids l 5 -8 mya in Africa a common ancestor branched off into 2 groups (chimps & humans) l Supported by DNA evidence, comparison of similar proteins Hominoids = primates that can walk on 2 legs (gorillas, chimps, bonobos, humans) l Hominids = bipedal primates, only walk on 2 legs l

Early Hominids l l l Australopithecine = early hominids w/ apelike and humanlike qualities, intermediate between chimp and human “Lucy” Smaller brains, bipedal

Modern Humans are Homo sapiens l Other hominids are also classified in the genus Homo l 2. 5 mya earliest hominids in the genus Homo l

H. sapiens H. neanderthalensis H. heidelbergensis H. erectus Millions of years ago H. antecessor H. ergaster H. rudolfensis s stu bu Homo habilis o. r P. boisel P A. garhi Paranthropus aethiopicus A. bahrelghazali A. afarensis Ardipithecus ramidus Australopithecus anamensis Kenyanthropus platyops

http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/aso/tryit/evolutio n/# l http: //dsc. discovery. com/tv/ardipithecus/ar dipithecus. html l