primary source First person account by someone who

primary source • First person account by someone who actually saw or lived through the event. • Examples: diaries, journals, photographs, eyewitness reports, letters, and autobiographies

Which is a Primary source for evidence that Columbus sailed to find a new route to the Indies in 1492? A. A painting showing Columbus landing in the New World B. A letter from the current ambassador from Spain describing the voyage C. A television show about the explorations of Columbus D. A diary entry written by a crew member aboard Columbus’ ship Answer: D. A diary entry written by a crew member aboard Columbus’ ship

Which source would provide an archaeologist with a primary source of information about Pre-Columbian Indians who settled in North America? A. A social studies textbook B. Artifacts left by Indians C. An interview with a historian who specializes in early American cultures D. An article about the Indians in an encyclopedia Answer: B. Artifacts left by Indians

culture • A way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs

What term best describes the study of a nation’s ideas, customs, and values? A. B. C. D. Politics Economics Culture Science Answer: C. Culture

Culture may best be defined as A. The care and protection of natural resources B. The complete natural surroundings of a civilization C. The interaction and relationship between different civilizations D. The customs, traditions, and whole way of life of a people Answer: D. The customs, traditions, and whole way of life of a people

What is the main reason why we study other cultures? A. To better understand people and how they live B. To learn about other nations so we can better defend our own C. To learn how to make other nations more like our own D. To develop markets for American products Answer: A. To better understand people and how they live

Iroquois • Eastern Woodlands region- (New York State) • People of the long house • formed political system that made them unique- for unity and peace (SCOOM)

Which of the following did the Iroquois lack? A. B. C. D. Written alphabets A system of trade A system of traditions Formal educational systems Answer: A. Written alphabets

In an Iroquois culture, which of the following is an accurate statement about family life? A. Men are assigned the most unpleasant household tasks B. A bride moves in with her husband’s family C. A child is given his mother’s family name D. Family leadership falls to the oldest male Answer: C. A child is given his mother’s family name

longitude • Distance east or west of the Prime Meridian

What do lines of longitude measure? A. Relative location of places B. Elevation C. Distances east and west from the Prime Meridian D. Distances north and south from the Equator Answer: C. Distances east and west from the Prime Meridian

The time at any location is dependent upon the A. B. C. D. Latitude of the location Climate of the location Longitude of the location Earth’s revolution on its axis Answer: C. Longitude of the location

What would a person use to determine if they were east or west of the Prime Meridian? A. B. C. D. Longitude Latitude A compass A sundial Answer: A. Longitude

latitude • Distance north or south of the Equator

What do lines of latitude measure? A. Relative location of places B. Elevation C. Distances east and west from the Prime Meridian D. Distances north and south from the Equator Answer: D. Distances north and south from the Equator

What are the imaginary lines that measure distance north and south of the Equator called? A. B. C. D. Lines of longitude Lines of latitude Meridians Degrees Answer: B. Lines of latitude

What geographic units of measurement should be used to find the exact location of any place on the Earth? A. B. C. D. Longitude and the time Longitude and latitude Distance from the Equator and the season Distances from the Prime Meridian and the Equator. Answer: B. Latitude and longitude

What is the purpose of longitude and latitude? A. B. C. D. To show relative distance To compare vegetation zones To divide the world into regions To determine exact locations Answer: D. To determine exact locations

Which of the following would you use to find the exact location of a place? A. B. C. D. Latitude and longitude A map The Prime Meridian The Equator Answer: A. Latitude and longitude

map scale • A measuring line that helps you determine distance on a map

What is the purpose of the map scale? A. B. C. D. To show different land areas To show latitude and longitude To show distances in miles or kilometers To show the Tropic of Capricorn and the Prime Meridian Answer: C. To show distances in miles or kilometers

Which part of the map helps you to read distances? A. B. C. D. Relief Scale Elevation Directional arrow Answer: B. Scale

Inca • Largest of the early American civilizations which was located in South America • Religious ceremonies • Built Machu Picchu

The Incas believed that their emperor was a descendent of what god? A. B. C. D. Sun god Moon god Star good Pyramid god Answer: A. Sun god

Where was Incan civilization located? A. B. C. D. Central Mexico South America Southern Mexico Guatemala Answer: B. South America

What was the capital city of the Incan empire, nicked named the “golden city”? A. B. C. D. Cuzco Lima Machu Picchu Tenochtitlan Answer: A. Cuzco

For what purpose did the Incas carve terraces into the steep mountainsides? A. B. C. D. To create plateaus on which to farm To provide protection from invasion To make the mountain easier to climb To create locations closer to the Sun on which to worship their god Answer: A. To create plateaus on which to farm

Aztec • A great civilization that was a military empire that was located in Central and Southern Mexico • Built one of the greatest cities in the world Tenochtitlan

Where was the Aztec civilization located? A. B. C. D. Central Mexico Southern Mexico Western Coast of South America Guatemala Answer: A. Central Mexico

What was the capital city of the Aztec empire? A. B. C. D. Cuzco Tenochtitlan Tikal Machu Picchu Answer: B. Tenochtitlan

Which of the following was not an achievement of the Aztec civilization? A. B. C. D. Astronomy man-made waterways The calendar The compass Answer: D. The compass

Which of the following was an agricultural technique used by the Aztec? A. B. C. D. Floating gardens Cold storage Mountain terraces Crop rotation Answer: A. Floating gardens

According to their religion, the Aztecs believed that the successful journey of the sun across the sky required A. B. C. D. Bartering Strong winds Human sacrifice Taxation of people Answer: C. Human sacrifice

Which native peoples were conquered by Cortes and his conquistadors? A. B. C. D. Incas Mayan Aztecs Iroquois Answer: C. Aztecs

Maya • An ancient civilization that once lived in Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras • Ruled by religious leaders • Created the 365 day calendar • System of trade • Form of writing

Where was the Mayan civilization located? A. B. C. D. Southern Mexico and Guatemala Central Mexico Peru Western Coast of South America Answer: A. Southern Mexico and Guatemala

In which of the following types of environments did the Mayan civilization flourish? A. B. C. D. Desert Mountains Rainforest Plains Answer: C. Rainforest

Which of the following was the main crop of the Mayan civilization? A. B. C. D. Coconuts Corn Wheat Sugar Answer: B. Corn

Which of the following was an achievement of the Mayan civilization? A. B. C. D. The ruler The compass The calendar The pistol Answer: C. The calendar

Which of the following was not an achievement of the Mayan civilization? A. B. C. D. The ruler The calendar A system of hieroglyphics An advanced number system Answer: A. The ruler

Iroquois Confederacy • A powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida. • Promoted peace

Why was the Iroquois Confederacy formed? A. To establish peace between the five tribes B. to create a system of free trade C. To establish common rules and regulations for all tribes D. To establish treaties with white colonial government Answer: A. To establish peace between the five tribes

What was the sixth nation to join the Iroquois Confederacy? A. B. C. D. Tuscaroras Onondagas Hurons Algonkians Answer: A. Tuscaroras

An important accomplishment of the Iroquois Confederacy was the A. Adoption of a two-house legislation B. Establishment of a political union of member nations C. Selection of a women to be chief D. Development of a trading partnership with the Algonuins Answer: B. Establishment of a political union of member nations

matrilineal • A society that traces its ancestors through the mothers side of the family • Child is given the mothers family name • the women held power and made decisions for the people. • Chose and elected and removed chiefs • Owned houses

What term refers to a society which traces its ancestors through the female line? A. B. C. D. Extended Matrilineal Traditional Patrilineal Answer: B. Matrilineal

Columbian Exchange • Exchange of goods, ideas, and people between Europe and the Americas

How did the Columbian Exchange negatively affect Native Americans? A. Many south American natives were sent to Europe as slaves B. It decreased trade between Europe and the Americas C. Many South American Native tribes moved to Canada D. It introduces many new deadly diseases. Answer: D. It introduces many new deadly diseases.

What is the Columbian Exchange? A. The sharing of goods between the European and South American cultures B. The switching of gold coins for paper currency C. The huge migration of Europeans to the Americas D. The purchasing of land from Native Americans by Europeans • Answer: A. The sharing of goods between the European and South American cultures

result of Columbus discoveries • European nations were encouraged to explore the Americas • The development of colonial empires

Which of the following was a result of Christopher Columbus’s voyage to the Americas? A. People began moving from South America to Europe B. European nations were encouraged to explore the Americas C. European powers lost interest in trade with the Orient D. Asians began to trade with Native Americans Answer: B. European nations were encouraged to explore the Americas

What was a result of the European discoveries of new lands in America and the far East? A. B. C. D. France became a world power The development of colonial empires An all-water trade route from the West The explorations of Lewis and Clark Answer: B. The development of colonial empires