Primary Secondary Sources Primary Source Firsthand information from

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Primary & Secondary Sources

Primary & Secondary Sources

Primary Source: First-hand information from a person who witnessed or lived through an event.

Primary Source: First-hand information from a person who witnessed or lived through an event. n Actual records that have survived from the past. n

Examples: n n n n n Diaries Memoirs Letters Photographs Official documents / records

Examples: n n n n n Diaries Memoirs Letters Photographs Official documents / records Manuscripts Newspapers Legal cases (transcripts) Interviews Oral histories • Personal narratives • Research data / reports • Statistics • Documentaries • Artifacts • Coins • Stamps

Analysis of Primary Sources n Some sources are more reliable than others. Since primary

Analysis of Primary Sources n Some sources are more reliable than others. Since primary sources are taken during an event, they always have a bias, or slanted point of view in favor or against , the idea or concept at hand. Because of this, historians use certain rules to analyze primary sources to read them skeptically and critically.

Time and Place Rule n The closer in time and place a source and

Time and Place Rule n The closer in time and place a source and its creator are to an event, the better and more reliable the source will be. n Which is more reliable according to the time and place rule? n n A soldier’s letter home during WWII An interview with a WWII soldier 30 years after the war

Bias Rule n Every primary source is biased in some way. The creator’s point

Bias Rule n Every primary source is biased in some way. The creator’s point of view must be considered and also compared with other related sources. n Which is more reliable according to the bias rule? n n A diary A news report

Secondary Source: Description by a person usually not present at the event, relying on

Secondary Source: Description by a person usually not present at the event, relying on primary sources for information. n Usually analyze and interpret primary sources. n Accounts of the past created by people writing about the topic long after the events. n

Examples Novels n Non-fiction books n Encyclopedias n Textbooks n Research papers n Informational

Examples Novels n Non-fiction books n Encyclopedias n Textbooks n Research papers n Informational material – websites, TV shows, magazines, brochures, posters, etc. n

You. Tube Examples Pearl Harbor n n Primary speech/photos https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Yhtu.

You. Tube Examples Pearl Harbor n n Primary speech/photos https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Yhtu. Mr. MVJDk Secondary https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=yj. Mgv. Xhwi. WU Apollo 13 n n n Primary http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=k 4 ek 9 g_e. N 0 Q Primary Interview http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=1 e 4 f. Yb-zwd. E Secondary https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=cz. P 0 a. YQf. NHk

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Primary Sources Primary vs Secondary Sources Primary SourcesPrimary Sources Primary vs Secondary Sources Primary Sources
Primary Sources Primary vs Secondary Sources Primary SourcesPrimary Sources Primary vs Secondary Sources Primary Sources
Primary Sources Primary vs Secondary Sources Primary SourcesPrimary Sources Primary vs Secondary Sources Primary Sources
Analyzing Primary Sources Primary Secondary Sources Primary sourcesAnalyzing Primary Sources Primary Secondary Sources Primary sources
Primary v Secondary Sources Primary Sources Primary sourcesPrimary v Secondary Sources Primary Sources Primary sources
Primary and Secondary Sources Primary and Secondary SourcesPrimary and Secondary Sources Primary and Secondary Sources
Primary Sources vs Secondary Sources Primary Sources ContemporaryPrimary Sources vs Secondary Sources Primary Sources Contemporary