Previously On We looked at how the U

Previously On: We looked at how the U. S. expanded in Alaska, Hawaii and Japan Today On/Main Idea: In 1989 the U. S. went to war to help Cuba win its independence from Spain in the Spanish-American War Why It Matters Now: U. S. involvement in Latin America and Asia increased greatly as a result of the war and continues today

Spanish-American War was fought in 2 places: Cuba & the Philippines

Spanish-American War • • • Cuba By the end of the 19 th Spain held the Philippines, the island of Guam, Cuba and Puerto Rico as its colonies Spanish rule oppressed the Cubans, not much freedom U. S. had a big interest in Cuba which is only 90 miles from Florida American businesses do over $100 million/year America wants Cuba for more U. S. influence in the world

Spanish-American War Cuba • Spanish Minister to the US Enrique Dupuy de Lôme wrote a letter to a friend in Cuba about how President Mc. Kinley was weak and a low politician. • “It once more shows what Mc. Kinley is, weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave the door open behind himself while

Spanish-American War • • Cuba The USS Maine battleship sent to Cuba evacuate Americans if rebellion intensified On 2/15/1898 the Maine exploded in Havana harbor (260 sailors killed). “Remember the Maine, to Hell with Spain. ” Later was proven to be an accident, but at the time American newspapers claimed Spanish had blown up the ship The de Lome letter and the explosion of the

Spanish-American War Cuba • President Mc. Kinley was conflicted. He didn’t want a war, yet he didn’t want Spain to control Cuba • Mc. Kinley eventually gives in to public pressure • The US declares war on Spain on 4/11/1898 • Starts with naval blockade of Cuba-

Spanish-American War Rough Riders • Also fought war on Cuban land • Army of 17 k volunteers of old Civil War veterans & African. Americans led by Teddy Roosevelt • Called the “Rough Riders” • Helped win the crucial battle of San Juan Hill

Spanish-American War in the Philippines • Americans invade Cuba but also invade the Philippines, a Spanish colony • Destroy every Spanish ship there • Filipinos support U. S. invasion, because like Cubans, want freedom from Spain

Spanish-American War • • • Treaty of Paris Spain and U. S. agree to cease-fire after 15 weeks Spain frees Cuba and gives the U. S. Guam (a Pacific island), Puerto Rico, Cuba Sells the U. S. the Philippines for $20 million Mc. Kinley said it was our job to now “uplift and Christianize” the Philippine islands The U. S. now had an empire that included Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Philippines U. S. added 100, 000 miles and 10 m ppl to the

Previously On: We looked at how the U. S. acquired Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines Today On/Main Idea: In the early 1900 s the U. S. engaged in conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Philippines Why It Matters Now: Today the U. S. maintains a strong military and political presence in those locations

Acquiring New Lands • • • Puerto Rico After the war, many Puerto Ricans wanted self-rule with no help from U. S. tells P. R. we are there to “protect them, their property, promote prosperity and bless them with the institutions of our government” P. R. is important to the U. S. to maintain a strong presence in the Caribbean and also for a future canal they wanted across Panama Congress passes Foraker Act that ends military rule and sets up civil govt Grants Puerto Ricans U. S. citizenship

Acquiring New Lands • • • Cuba After war with Spain, U. S. recognizes Cuba’s independence Passes the “Teller Amendment” Says it has no intention of taking over any part of Cuba Treaty of Paris which ended war also promised independence Many Cubans however felt the U. S. would just replace Spain as oppressors This was true as U. S. left Spanish officials in charge of country

Acquiring New Lands • • Platt Amendment New Cuban govt writes a constitution for an independent Cuba However forces Cuba approve a new constitution, the “Platt Amendment” that says: • No other country can control any part of Cuba • US has right to intervene in any situation in Cuba • Cuba not allowed to go into debt to any nation • US could buy or lease land on the island for naval purposes US wont withdraw troops until this is accepted Becomes Cuba's protectorate, where Cuba is controlled by a stronger U. S.

Acquiring New Lands • • Philippines America buys the Philippines for $20 m dollars at the Treaty of Paris Filipinos outraged that America now controls the Philippines U. S. originally promised independence but soon act like Spain and impose authority this small colony Filipinos try to revolt and U. S. sends 70 k troops U. S. forces Filipinos to live in camps with poor sanitation, starvation and disease that kill over 200 k Takes U. S. 3 years to put down rebellion Costs 4, 000 American lives and $400 million dollars U. S. sets up govt that eventually leads to the

Acquiring New Lands China • U. S. sees Philippines as gateway to the rest of Asia, especially China • China had a big market for American products and railroad investment • France, Germany, Britain, Japan and Russia established successful settlements along the coast of China • U. S. fears other countries would create colonies in China and America would be

• • Acquiring New Lands Boxer Rebellion Angry Chinese citizens formed secret groups to rid of the “foreign devils” in the cities Groups known as the “Boxers, ” because of martial arts Boxers killed hundreds of foreigners European and American troops march on Chinese capital Take back territory lost and put down the Boxer Rebellion Thousands of Chinese fighters die 12 countries including China sign the “Boxer

Acquiring New Lands • • • Open Door Policy To protect U. S. interests in China, U. S. starts ”Open Door Notes” Send letters to other nations asking to share their trade rights with the U. S. –all countries agree no one nation should have trade rights This “open door policy” would mean all can trade with China This paved the way for greater American influence in Asia This policy reflects deeply held American beliefs about our industrial capitalist economy: • The US economy depends on exports

Acquiring New Lands Concerns • President Mc. Kinley re-elected for second term • Under him the U. S. had gained an empire • Many felt however: • That this imperialism would impact U. S. workers • Could also lead to wars with European rivals • It was wrong to rule others without their