Preview What do you think motivates the United

Preview �What do you think motivates the United States to explore space today? Include two or three possible motives. �Should the United States spend more or less money on the exploration of space? Give reasons for your answer.

European Exploration and Colonization �What were reasons for European exploration? �How are the reasons for European exploration in the 1400 and 1500’s similar to the reasons the United States is exploring space today?

Graphic Organizer-Use this to take notes on! Causes and Effects of European Exploration

Causes of European Exploration # 1 -Increase Trade �As a result of the Crusades, the Europeans developed a taste for spices and other luxury goods from Asia. �Muslim traders carried these goods to the eastern Mediterranean, where they sold them to Venetian merchants who then brought them to Europe. �The goods were very expensive since various middlemen involved all made a profit. �European countries wanted to establish direct sea routes to Asia so they could reduce costs and gain better access to Asian goods.

Causes of European Exploration # 2 -Increase Political and Military Power �Increased trade and commerce would help European states accumulate wealth and pay for larger, more powerful armies. �Exploration offered European states the chance to form overseas empires, thus adding to their wealth and power.

Causes of European Exploration # 3 -New Ideas �European rulers, supported by the Catholic Church, wanted to spread their religious beliefs and convert people to Christianity. �Europeans wanted to learn more about the world. The ideals of the Renaissance helped inspire their thirst for knowledge.

Causes of European Exploration #4 New Technology �Magnetic Compass �Astrolabe �Advancements in mapmaking �Caravels-new light, seaworthy ships

�How are the reasons for European exploration in the 1400 and 1500’s similar to the reasons the United States is exploring space today? European Exploration Space Exploration • Increase Trade • • Increase Political and Military Power • • New Ideas • • New Technology •

Activity-Explorer a Sunken Ship Find out what European explorers had on their ship by studying key artifacts. Your objectives: � Identify and record key information about the objects on an explorer’s ship. � Categorize eight objects of exploration as one of the following: a navigation tool, a motive for exploration, or a newly introduced product from the Americas.

Processing Activity: Suppose that you are an explorer returning to Europe from a trip to the New World. Write a page in your exploration log that includes • An explanation of why you explored the America’s • A description of one new technology that helped you as an explorer • A description and a sketch of one item you are bringing from the Americas

Effects of European Exploration #1 Colonization of the Americas �European countries created large empires by claiming lands in the America’s. �They destroyed great civilizations whose root went back thousands of years. �Many people migrated from Europe to the New World.

Effects of European Exploration #2 Columbian Exchange �Columbian Exchangetransfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the eastern and Western hemispheres. �It had a major impact on the world’s cultures and environment.

Think about it… Without the Columbian Exchange�The America’s would not have had grains like wheat, rice, and oats. �The Americas would not have had onions, bananas, grapes, coffee, or citrus fruits. �The Americas would not have had livestock like horses, cattle, pigs and sheep. �Europe would not have had foods such as potatoes, corn, beans, tomatoes, peppers, peanuts, squash, and chocolate. �Potatoes and corn helped Europeans eat better and live longer. As a result their population increased.

Think about it… Because of the Columbian Exchange�Manioc, a root crop �More than 1/3 rd of the native to Brazil, thrives crops grown in China in the poor soils of Africa today come from the and nourishes millions America’s. of Africans. �Sweet potatoes and chili peppers become staple foods across Africa and Asia.

Think about it… Because of the Columbian Exchange… �Clover, spinach, mint and artichoke from the Old Word (Europe, Africa, and Asia) choke out native species in the New World (America’s) �Rats brought over on European ships became a plague across the America’s.

Effects of Exploration #3 Global Economy �The world became more connected. �Economic activity increased as expanded global networks opened up new channels of trade and commerce. �The world trade system doubled in size during this period.

Effects of Exploration #4 Death and Slavery

Death and Slavery �Native Americans have no immunity to diseases (smallpox, measles, influenza, etc. ) that people of Europe and Asia had been contracting for thousands of years so they begin dying in horrifying numbers. �By the 1800’s more than ten million slaves had been shipped to the Americas to support the plantation economy. Around one in six died en route. �Millions of Africans were uprooted and African societies were torn apart. �The slave trade introduces guns to many parts of Africa.

Using your notes complete the T-Chart

Think About It! Write About It! �Was the Columbian exchange worth the negative effects? Why or Why not? The Columbian Exchange was/was not worth the negative effects because…