PREVIEW Georgia was founded on February 12 1733

PREVIEW ● Georgia was founded on February 12, 1733 ● The charter had been signed on June 9, 1732, but Georgia’s “birthday” is Feb. 12, 1733

PREVIEW ● Georgia was formed as a colony for DEBTORS (People who could not pay their bills) ● It was the original idea but the first settlers of GA were NOT debtors

PREVIEW ● DEBTORS (People who could not pay their bills) were imprisoned in England at this time.

James Oglethorpe ● “Founder” of GA ● The MAIN trustee to start GA ● He was upset about Britain’s debtors

James Oglethorpe ● Wanted to start a colony for the “worthy poor” ● Wanted the debtors released from prison ● Wanted to help them start a new life

James Oglethorpe ● Member of PARLIAMENT (Britain’s legislative branch) ● Pushed for British prison reform ● Why- Friend (Robert Castell) died in debtor's prison

Castell went into debt writing his “dream book” about architecture, seen below. It was not popular and did not sell well. : (

James Oglethorpe ● Started campaign to reform Britain’s prisons ● Wanted to create a colony for Britain’s “worthy poor. ”

Dr. Thomas Bray ● First had idea to start colony for debtors. ● Died before he could do anything. ● Oglethorpe would pick up the idea.

James Oglethorpe ● Begged King George II to start new colony ● Granted a CHARTER (a document signed by the king) ● He was one of 21 TRUSTEES (People “trusted” to rule in place of the king) ● GA is a Trustee Colony

King George II ● Created Georgia with the Charter of 1732 ● Our State is Named After Him

James Oglethorpe ● Only trustee to travel to the new colony ● Military and civilian leader (like a governor but NOT one) ● Found himself caught between rules of the king and the people

James Oglethorpe ● Oglethorpe = friends with American Indians ● Other groups of Jewish, Scottish, and German settled in GA ● Created Savannah ● Fought the Spanish

Charter of 1732 ● Rules for Trustees (OGLETHORPE): ●Cannot own land ●Cannot hold public office ●Cannot earn a salary

Charter of 1732 Created Georgia’s boundaries ● North boundary: Savannah River ● South boundary: Altamaha River ● West boundary: Pacific Ocean

The Charter of 1732 ● It gave reasons for Georgia’s settlement ● Also listed rules for the colonists

The Charter of 1732 ● NO ALCOHOL ● NO SLAVERY Trustees feared both would make colonists lazy

The Charter of 1732 ● NO liquor dealers ● NO lawyers ● NO Catholics

Reasons Alcohol: Was a common form of money during this time period. Unwritten rules for money 1. Portable 2. Divisible 3. Store of Value 4. Accepted as payment (biggest rule) Rum could be used as money!!

GA and SC on the Savannah River Some of GA’s first cities were along the Savannah River: Savannah and Augusta GA Colonists who shipped products on the river could see the success of the SC colonists. They also see their ability to use alcohol as money to pay for cheap labor. Early shipping on the Savannah River

The Charter of 1732 ● Colonists must defend the colony ● Colonist must grow mulberry trees ● They could not sell their land ● Women could not inherit land

The Charter of 1732 ● Jews originally banned ● Group of Jews arrive at the colony ● Samuel Nunes - Jewish doctor ● He is credited for “saving the colony. ” (Cholera Outbreak) Cholera: an infectious and often fatal bacterial disease of the small intestine, typically contracted from infected water supplies and causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.

3 Reasons ● 3 reasons for GA ● Philanthropy, Economics, & Defense ● Most successful was: Defense

Reasons for Settlement ● Historians argue which reason was most important ● Many now believe it was defense ● Georgia was to protect South Carolina

Reasons for Settlement ● SC = profitable for Great Britain ● Threatened by Spanish FLA ● GA = military “buffer zone” Between FL & SC

Reasons for Settlement ● Final reason for settlement was philanthropy ● Oglethorpe’s original plan ● No debtors were released from prison

Reasons for Settlement Motto of Trustees “Non sibi sed aliis. ” Not for self, but for others.

The Colonist GA’s first settlers were: ● Skilled craftsmen ● People who were looking for a “new start”

The Colonist Some paid their own way ● 50 acres of land given to most ● 500 acres if they paid their own way

The Colonist Everyone received: ● One year’s supply of food ● Free seeds and agricultural supplies

When Did it Go Down? ● November 17, 1732 ● Ship, called Ann, left England ● 88 day voyage to New World ● Arrived in January 14, 1733

Tomochichi ● Chief of the Yamacraw American Indians ● Believed an alliance with the British would be good for trade

Tomochichi ● Allowed Oglethorpe to settle on “Yamacraw Bluff” ● This would become Savannah! (on the Savannah River) ● He hoped to work with Oglethorpe as allies and trading partners

Tomochichi ● Oglethorpe and Tomochichi became close friends ● Help Oglethorpe with the Spanish ● He went to England with Oglethorpe

Tomochichi ● Established English speaking schools ● Died in 1739 - somewhere in his 90’s Buried in Savannah with full English military honors

Mary Musgrove ● Born to a Creek Indian mother and English father ● Spoke both English and Yamacraw ● Interpreter for both

Mary Musgrove ● Served as Oglethorpe’s personal interpreter ● Became colony’s primary Indian ambassador

Mary Musgrove ● Received land grants from Tomochichi ● British and Georgia officials refused to recognize her claims ● Lead a group of 200 Creek Indians to Savannah to argue on her behalf

Mary Musgrove ● Fought for her claim in English courts ● Mary received St. Catherine’s Island a large sum of money ● Agreed to give up her other land claims ● Died and is buried on St. Catherine’s Island

Savannah ● Georgia’s #first city and #first capital ● Founded on the Savannah River ● One of North America’s first “planned towns”

Savannah ● Inspired by drawings from Robert Castell ● Officially drawn by Noble Jones, an architect ● It was drawn in a series of squares

Savannah ● First lived in 4 huge tents on the beach ● Planted/Prepared land ● Permanent homes began

Savannah ● Built small fort on the beach ● Trained a MILITIA - (Citizen Army) ● Led by Colonel William Bull

Savannah ● Savannah would be four huge squares ● North/South Sides - 20 lots for homes ● East/West Sides - 4 lots for businesses/churches

Savannah Center of each square: ● Social, Political, & Religious Gatherings

Savannah Each Settler Must: ● Care for his home in Savannah ● Maintain his 5 acre garden plot ● Run his 45 acre farm in the country

Savannah ● Mulberry Trees began to be planted and grown ● Also Built a Sundial - Time ● Gristmill - Grinding Corn

Savannah ● Courthouse ● Bakery ● Water Well

Savannah ● 40 settlers died in first year ● Bad Water/Bad Diet ● New Climate/No vegetables ● Poor Sanitation

JEWS IN GEORGIA ● Jews originally banned ● Group of Jews arrive at the colony ● Samuel Nunes - Jewish doctor ● He is credited for “saving the colony” during its first year of existence. (Cholera Outbreak) Cholera: an infectious and often fatal bacterial disease of the small intestine, typically contracted from infected water supplies and causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.

The Salzburgers ● Peaceful and hardworking ● German speaking Protestants from Austria ● Persecuted by the Catholic king

The Salzburgers ● March, 1734 - Salzburgers arrive ● Led by minister Johann Martin Boltzius ● Forced to leave Salzburg, Austria ● King George II offers Georgia to them

The Salzburgers ● In GA - settled a town called Ebenezer ● Located in a swamp

The Salzburgers ● Many died during the first two years ● Given new land ● Named it “New Ebenezer”

The Salzburgers ● Strictly anti-slavery (Religion) ● Loyal to the trustees ● Produced Silk for King

The Highland Scots ● Also antislavery ● Valued hard work and religion ● Afraid slavery would cost them their jobs

The Highland Scots ● Invited by Oglethorpe ● Great soldiers and fort builders ● Started the town of Darien

The Malcontents ● Disagreed with Trustee Rules ● Called the “MALCONTENTS” (Unhappy and Dissatisfied) ● Most had paid their own way to the colony

The Malcontents ● Complained about the limits on land ● Wanted right to buy rum ● Wanted ban on slavery to end

The Malcontents ● Malcontents complained for 10 years ● Trustees ended restrictions on land ownership ● Legalized slavery

TIME PASSES. . . ● Oglethorpe & Highland Scots defeat the Spanish in Flordia (Battle of the Bloody Marsh) ● Oglethorpe Loses a battle at Fort Mose and must return to England ● Found Guilty of misconduct but NO charges were filed!

End of Oglethorpe Era ● 1743 - Oglethorpe decides not to return to GA ● Marries, settles down, never returns to colony ● Remained on Board of Trustees until 1750

Georgia as a Royal Colony ● End of the Trustee period ● Rules about land ownership, rum, and slavery lifted ● Trustees returned the colony to the king

Georgia as a Royal Colony King George II frustrated : ● No Economic and Social Success ● Charter was due to expire a year later

Georgia as a Royal Colony ● Trustees = lost control of GA when Oglethorpe left ● Unhappy Colonists!! : (

Georgia as a Royal Colony ● Georgia = verge of economic collapse ● Colonist : Royal Colony = Happy ● Ruled by : Royal Governor How happy were the colonists that they now had a Royal Governor? CLICK HERE TO FIND OUT

Land Ownership/Slavery During Royal Period, GA’s population grew due to: ● New land policies ● Land gains from American Indians and the Spanish ● Surge in settlers and slaves

Land Ownership/Slavery ● One servant/family member per 50 acres = Protection ● Only men could own land ● Wanted wives and daughters to inherit land

Land Ownership/Slavery ● Restrictions on slavery were removed ● Slaves were forced to come ● Increased population: -- 500 in 1750 -- 18, 000 in 1775

Goods & Services Traded ● ● 1 st reason - Defense of SC Second reason - Economics MERCANTILISM (British economic policy) Hoped to produce agricultural products

Unwritten Rules of Money 1. Portable 2. Divisible 3. Store of Value 4. Accepted as payment (most important) Commodity Money (like Tobacco, rum and salt) were common forms of payment

Goods & Services Traded Wanted to grow W. R. I. S. T. Crops: W ine Grapes R ice I ndigo S ilk T obacco

Goods & Services Traded ● Most important - silk ● All colonists required to grow mulberry trees (silk worms eat this tree) ● None of the crops were a huge success

Goods & Services Traded ● Wine = never developed ● Silk = unsuccessful ● Rice, indigo, and tobacco =successful in the Royal period