Prevention of malaria Ololade Akinfegbe April 24 2011

Prevention of malaria Ololade Akinfegbe April 24 2011 Walden University

Goal of presentation Prevention of malaria: ->To equip stakeholders with all necessary information on how to prevent malaria

Stakeholders � Rural dwellers �Community health workers � Non-governmental organizations.

Definitions �Malaria: life-threatening parasitic infection. �Prevention: keeping of something from happening. �Stakeholders: A person, group, or organization

Incidence of malaria �Major health problem in Nigeria -> 50% of out-patients visits -> 15% of hospital admission, -> One of the top three causes of death. Reference � (Alaba and Alaba 2009).

Prevalence of malaria �There are more than 225 million cases of malaria each year, �killing around 781, 000 people each year. � Majority of deaths are of young children in Sub-Saharan Africa. �Ninety percent of malaria-related deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa � References: WHO(2010) � (Oyewole. I. O, Ogunnowo A. A, Ibidapo. C. A. , Okoh H. I, . Awolola T. S and Adedayo M. A. 2010)

Etiology of malaria � Plasmodium parasite: can be contracted by sharing needles, transfusions or via the placenta. � Malaria transmission: -> Influenced by climate. -> High humidity � Human malaria: ->Plasmodium ovale, ->P. malariae, ->P. vivax, ->P. falciparum Reference � Salako , Ajayi , Sowunmi and Walker (1990)

Clinical features �Malaria can cause: -> Fever -> Shivering -> Joint pain -> Anorexia -> Vomiting -> Malaise ->Anemia ->Convulsions

Prevention of Malaria �Primary prevention �Secondary prevention �Tertiary prevention

Primary prevention Some primary prevention methods include: �Vector control targeted at the environment �Use of insecticide treated nets � Indoor residual spraying using DDT � Larval control �Protective clothing Reference Hunponu-Wusu (2009)

Secondary prevention The main secondary form of prevention is chemoprophylaxis use to suppress malaria �Drugs : -> Oral quinine -> Doxycycline -> Mefloquine -> Atovaquone -> Proguanil -> Artemether-lumefantrine

Tertiary prevention �Prompt diagnosis �Early treatment of the disease �Reduction of complications. Reference Nyamongo. I (2002).

Conclusion �In conclusion malaria is a deadly but preventable disease which could be totally eradicated if necessary preventive measures are taken especially at the primary level with the help of our stakeholders.

References � Alaba. A, Alaba. B (2009). Malaria in Rural Nigeria: Implications for the millennium development goal. Volume 21, Issue 1, pages 73 -85 � Business dictionary. Retrieved on April 23, 2011 from: http: //www. businessdictionary. com/definition/stakeholder. html � Miller-Keane (2003) Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, 7 th Edition. Saunders imprint of Elsevier, Inc. � Nyamongo. I (2002). Health care switching behavior of malaria patients in a kenyan rural community. Social science and medicine. 54 (3) 377 -86 � Oyewole. I. O, Ogunnowo A. A, Ibidapo. C. A. , Okoh H. I, Awolola T. S and Adedayo M. A. (2010) Epidemiology of malaria and insecticide resistance burden in Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology Vol. 3(1), pp. 6– 12 � Salako. L, Ajayi. F, Sowunmi. A, Walker. O. (1990) Malaria in Nigeria. 84(5): 435 -45. � World Health Organization (2010) world malaria report. Retrieved on April 23, 2011 from: http: //www. who. int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2010/worldmalariareport 2010. pdf

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