PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS PPRT Safe Communities & a Sustainable Hazaedous Industry : Present and Future Discussion

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Purpose and Contents of Safety Report PPRT § Demonstrating that major accidents hazards have been identified and that the necessary measures have been taken to prevent such accidents and to limit their consequences for persons and the environment.

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Minimum Information to be included in a Safety Report________ PPRT Identification and accidental risk analysis and prevention methods: § detailed description of the possible major accident scenarios § and their probability ------

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Minimum Information to be included in a Safety Report____________ PPRT § Identification and accidental risk analysis and prevention methods: • 4(b) assessment of the extent and severity of the consequences of identified major accidents § (R 2 P 2 p 76)

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS ALARP in COMAH_____ PPRT § All Measures Necessary (AMN) = SFAIRP = ALARP

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Existing Guidance______ PPRT § HSE has produced a suite of guidance documents concerning ALARP. These are designed to give high level principles.

Relationship between R 2 P 2 and the ALARP Suite informs* 'R 2 P 2' Information to Stakeholders 'ALARP Principles and Guidelines' informs** HSE's expectation e. g. TOR framework, primacy of Good Practice, tolerability criteria 'Good Practice' 'Design' legal commentary + policy D/Ds' Guidance to Staff HSE's expectation/enforcement policy * Annex 3 of R 2 P 2 reflects the ALARP guidance ** e. g. the concept of 'hypothetical person' set out in R 2 P 2 is adopted in the ALARP guidance

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS PPRT

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS ALARP Demonstration____ “Reducing Risks, Protecting People” PPRT “…. suitable controls must be in place to address all significant hazards …. and those controls, at a minimum, must implement authoritative good practice irrespective of situation-based risk estimates …. ” “authoritative good practice” = prescriptive legislation, ACOPs, guidance produced by government

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS ALARP Demonstration_______ “Reducing Risks, Protecting People” PPRT “… both individual risks and societal concerns …. must be taken into account in deciding whether a risk is unacceptable, tolerable or broadly acceptable …” “individual risks also give rise to societal concerns and the latter often play a far greater role in deciding whether risk is unacceptable or not. ”

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS ALARP Principle______ PPRT Measures to reduce risk must be taken until the risk is broadly acceptable (BA) or until the cost of further risk reduction would be grossly disproportionate (GD) to the reduction in risk that would be achieved.

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Principles guidance______ PPRT “We believe it is right that, in all cases, the judgment as to whether measures are grossly disproportionate should reflect societal risk, that is to say, large numbers of people (employees or the public) being killed at one go. ”

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS ALARP Diagram Unacceptable region Level of risk cannot be justified except in extraordinary circumstances. ____________________________ PPRT Tolerable region If the risks fall in this region then a CASE SPECIFIC ALARP demonstration is required. The extent of the demonstration should be proportionate to the level of risk. _____________________________ Broadly acceptable region Level of residual risk is regarded as insignificant and further effort to reduce risk not likely to be required. ALARP demonstration based upon adherence to codes, standards and established good practice. These must be shown to be up to date and relevant to the operations in question.

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Case Specific ALARP demonstration______ PPRT Operator has to answer the following fundamental question: What more can I do to reduce the risks”?

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Case Specific ALARP demonstration______ PPRT Also: “Why have I not done it? ”

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS PPRT If the measure appears reasonable and it cannot be shown that the cost of the measure is grossly disproportionate to the benefit to be gained, then the Operator is duty bound to implement that measure

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Proportionate Risk Assessment PPRT § The depth of the analysis in the operators report should be proportionate to: a) the nature and scale of the MAHs b) b) the risks posed to neighbouring populations

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS PPRT

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Risk estimation______ PPRT § Selection of a representative set of events § Estimation of consequences and frequency for each event § Ranking and screening (eg risk matrix, fn curves)

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Risk Matrix (Illustrative) Likely >10 -2 PPRT Unlikely 10 -4 -10 -2 Very Unlikely Intolerable TIFALARP( (Intolerable if Fatality >10 -3) TIFALARP 10 -6 -10 -4 Remote 10 -6 -10 -8 Broadly Acceptable Single Fatality 2 -10 Fatalities Intolerable Intolerable TIFALARP/ Intolerable TIFALARP/ TIFALARP 50 -100 Fatalities 100+ Fatalities Broadly Acceptable? 11 -50 Fatalities

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS ALARP Demonstration______ PPRT § But the higher the installation lies on the societal concerns scale the greater the need to look for additional measures, over and above the normal standards. How to approach? • 1. Identify risk reduction measures. • 2. Assess using Lines Of Defence analysis with cost estimates • 3. Possibly, in extreme cases, add a Cost Benefit Analysis.

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Proportionality: Type of ALARP Demo PPRT

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis________ Would being more thorough be worthwhile? PPRT Uncertainties in models, data, methodology. Cautious best-estimate basis. Adopt p 89 91 R 2 P 2 Precautionary Approach

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Purpose of SR is to demonstrate AMNs (ALARP) from an activity (`risk from what`)_______ PPRT Four combinations (`risk of what` and `risk to what`): 1 IR to those on-site 2 IR to those off-site 3 SR to those on-site 4 SR to those off-site

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS `So what` If all the risks are BA then compliance with good practice demonstrates ALARP PPRT Otherwise the events that contribute significantly to the risks need to be identified, risk reduction options compiled, and appropriate decision aids used (eg LOPA for simple cases CBA for more difficult ones)

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS If AMNs are in place for each major accident scenario then there is nothing more that can be PPRT done. `Explicit` detailed quantification of risks is not necessary unless the proportionality is high

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS Questions? PPRT