Prevent the CounterTerrorism Security Bill 2015 An overview

Prevent & the Counter-Terrorism & Security Bill 2015 An overview for independent FE training providers Sam Slack Regional HE/FE Prevent Coordinator

First some important definitions • Extremism – “The vocal or active opposition to British values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. We also include in our definition of extremism calls for the death of members of our armed forces, whether in this country or overseas” (Report of Government Task Force on Extremism) • Radicalisation – “This refers to the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and forms of extremism leading to terrorism. A radicaliser is an individual who encourages others to develop or adopt beliefs and views supportive of terrorism and forms of extremism leading to terrorism” (Prevent Strategy) • Vulnerability - A vulnerable adult is someone aged 18 or over: • Who is, or may be, in need of community services due to age, illness or a mental or physical disability • Who is, or may be, unable to take care of himself/herself, or unable to protect himself/herself against significant harm or exploitation (Dept of Health 2002)

Contest UK’s Counterterrorism Strategy • Protect • Prepare • Pursue • Prevent “Stopping people becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism”

Prevent Operates in the “non-criminal space” aiming to divert individuals from entering the criminal justice system (CJS) by supporting those vulnerable to radicalisation in support of violent extremism. Support by Prevent does not require entry into the CJS nor does it mean the individual will then go on to receive any sort of criminal record.

Bomb making Planning Fund raising Recruiting Vulnerability Ideology

How does radicalisation work? Grievance & vulnerability Cognitive opening Ideology Mobilization

A case study of the process of radicalisation & support “Sammi”

Loss/Bereavement Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy Loss/Bereavement Mental Health Identity/Belonging Poverty/Deprivation Domestic Policy Religion Personal Crisis Global Events Internet Isolation/Exclusion Extremist Material Social Networking Drug or alcohol abuse Sense of Injustice Hate Crime Discrimination Inspirational Speaker Peer Pressure Media bias Islamaphobia

Behaviours Emotional Verbal Physical

Behaviours Emotional • Short tempered • New found arrogance • Withdrawn • Outbursts Verbal • Fixated on a subject • Change in language/use of words • Inappropriate questions • Graffitti or doodles Physical • Tattoos & symbols • Use of internet • Change of routine • Impact on study • Change of dress • Health

Right Wing Extremism

A case study of the process of radicalisation & support “Callum”

Acting on concerns Notice Check Share

Channel • • Pathway for referrals Channel panel Staff understanding Policy = clarity/protection

Case Study: Michael Piggin – Loughborough Michael Piggin a 17 Year old Loughborough student was arrested in 2013 after threatening two youths with a knife. After his arrest & house search extensive material was found indicating that Michael harboured extreme right wing views.

In addition petrol bombs, knives, firearms and body armour were found along with attack plans including a hit list of staff at Charnwood College, Loughborough College & local mosques.

After two criminal trials at the Old Bailey Michael was sentenced to an indefinite period in a secure hospital. Why did no one share their concerns about Michael? Could Michael have been helped?

UK Terrorism Threat Level • The UK Threat Level from terrorism was raised on 29 th August 2014 to SEVERE. • This means that a terrorist attack on the UK Mainland is “highly likely”.

Syria & Iraq Why is it relevant to me?

Why is it an issue to us? Ease of access Social Media Travel to fight overseas 700 Foreign fighters from UK • “Blowback” • • Hegghammer research 1 in 9 fighters return as a domestic terrorist

July 2014 – Cardiff Islamists (18 & 21 years old)

10 th April 2015 Three men accused of helping a 17 -year-old Cardiff boy leave the UK to join fighters in Syria have pleaded not guilty to terrorism charges. Kristen Brekke, 19, of Grangetown, Cardiff, Forhad Rahman, 20, of Cirencester, and Adeel Ulhaq, 20, of Nottingham, all appeared via videolink for the hearing at the Old Bailey. They are charged with preparation of terrorist acts. They will next appear at the Old Bailey on 25 June for a four week trial. The three men are all charged with preparation of terrorist acts with the intention of assisting an individual - who cannot be named for legal reasons - to commit acts of terrorism.

So who is vulnerable?

Counter Terrorism & Security Act 2015 • Statutory Duty on specified authorities “to have due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism” Commencement date Sept 2015? • • • Partnership Risk Assessment Prevent Action Plan Staff Training Welfare & pastoral care Safety Online

FE – Sub-contracted providers “Where an institution has sub-contracted delivery of courses to other providers, we expect robust procedures to be in place to ensure that the subcontractor is aware of the Prevent duty……”.

“Prevent Duty” - Statutory Guidance • Partnership • Expect active engagement from Governors, Managers & Leaders • Prevent SPOC • Expect regular contact with BIS FE Prevent Coordinators • Risk Assessment • Expect clear & visible policies in place covering staff, learners & infrastructure capable of identifying where students or staff may be at risk of being drawn into terrorism • Action Plan • Where risk is identified BIS Prevent Coordinator should be notified & a Prevent Action Plan developed

Statutory Guidance cont’d • Staff Training • • • Welfare & pastoral support / Prayer facilities • • Appropriate training for Governors, Leaders & Staff. Enable to educate & challenge & exemplify British values Expect appropriate (ALL) staff to have an understanding of the factors that make people vulnerable to being drawn into terrorism & to challenge extremist ideas …. Staff should have sufficient training to recognise vulnerability & be aware of what action to take Sufficient pastoral care & support according to institutions needs Expect clear & widely available policies for use of prayer rooms & faith related activities including management of facilities & issues arising

Statutory Guidance cont’d • Speakers & Events • Safety Online • Policies & procedures in place for management of events held on premises • Should include: sufficient notice for checks, advance notice of content, system for assessment of risks, mechanisms for off-campus events) • Should take seriously responsibility for excluding those promoting extremist material • Policies relating to IT use should contain specific reference to “the duty”. • Clear policies to ID instances where online materials are accessed for curriculum purposes

Monitoring & Enforcement • Ofsted inspection under the revised Common Inspection Framework (effective 1 st Sept)

The 5 Emerging Strands of Good Practice Ofsted Extremism Lead to Ao. C • Leadership and governance: e. g. clear and comprehensive safeguarding policy and relevant strategies in place which permeate from the top. Have all staff been made aware of their duties, roles and functions in respect of safeguarding and wellbeing? • Training: e. g. is the institution’s safeguarding officer up to date with current legislation? Are appropriate staff trained? Does the safeguarding officer have a clear understanding of PREVENT and does he/she have access to open lines of support? • Curriculum – formal and informal: e. g. does your institution employ relevant curriculum interventions which actively promote the development of thinking skills and critical thinking, which underpin British values and which debate and challenge e. g. all forms of extremism and intolerance/violent extremism/grooming/internet abuse/peer group pressure?

The 5 Emerging Strands of Good Practice cont’d • Policies and practices: e. g. does the institution have clear policies and strategies for dealing with internet and intranet abuse and does it monitor use on a regular basis? Do you have a protocol in place for monitoring the use of prayer facilities on site? • Referral pathways: e. g. does your institution have strong mentoring and counselling support for students? • Does the institution engender an ethos of trust with its students, so that they will seek advice if they are worried for themselves or their friends? • Are staff equipped to pick up concerning changes in a student’s attitude or behaviour and know appropriate referral routes? • Are you confident that when a situation arises that your institution’s response is timely and that it appreciates that in some instances immediate action is necessary if students are to be protected?

Training Materials & Support • Education Training Foundation http: //www. preventforfeandtraining. org. uk/

British Values? What are British Values?

British Values • What are British Values? • What does it mean to you & your staff? • How are you approaching this with staff? • “The vocal or active opposition to British values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. ” • (staff training) “will also allow leaders & teachers to exemplify British values in their management, teaching & through general behaviours in institutions” • A “whole college” approach?

A “whole-college” approach to British values Curriculum planning Teaching & learning Spontaneous opportunities

Sam Slack 07812 301215 01332 643054 sam. slack@derby. gov. uk