Prevalence of Substance Abuse Amongst Native Americans in

Prevalence of Substance Abuse Amongst Native Americans in Massachusetts in Comparison to the General Population Priyanka Bhakhri, Stacey Wainaina, Isabella Izidoro Source: History of American Women, 2 Apr. 2017,

What is Substance Abuse? ● Substance abuse refers to patterns of substance use which can lead to impairment in functioning (DSM-IV) ○ Substance dependence is continued drug use despite related problems such as increase in tolerance and withdrawal symptoms ● Includes illicit drugs (National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) ○ Marijuana, hallucinogens, cocaine (crack), inhalants, heroin and prescription drugs used non-medically 2

What is a Health Disparity? “The differences in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of disease and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups in the United States” (NIH). Bennett, Kelsey. “Important NIH Updates. ” Medicine Matters, 23 Oct. 2018, medicine-matters. blogs. hopkinsmedicine. org/2018/10/important-nih-updates/. 3 “Ask the Expert: NIH Grants. ” Rock Health, rockhealth. com/ask-the-expert-nih-grants/.

Prevalence of Substance Abuse: Native Americans vs. General Population in Massachusetts ● Prevalence: number of cases present at a given time in the population ● The number of Native Americans that were abusing substances such as alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana in most recent data was significant in comparison to the general population. 4 Source: Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

History of Native American Substance Abuse ● Predisposed to alcoholism due to cultural decimation and interactions with non-Indians ● Creation of federally funded boarding schools targeted Native American youth ○ Drinking begins among youth in boarding schools ○ Cultural Assimilation strips youth of their traditions 5

Evidence of the Disparity The effects of social determinants

What are Social Determinants of Health? 7 Source: “Social Determinants of Health. ” Social Determinants of Health | Healthy People 2020. www. healthypeople. gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health.

Youth Risky Behavior: Native Americans vs. General Population 8 Source: Massachusetts Department of Education

Education: Native Americans vs. General Population Source: U. S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary 9

Income and Poverty: Native Americans vs. General Population Source: U. S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary Tape File 3 (STF 3). 10

Health Status and Health Insurance Access: Native Americans vs. General Population 11 Source: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Substance Abuse Services.

Quality of Life in Massachusetts: Native Americans vs. General Population 12 Source: 2019 County Health Rankings Report

Conclusion What does the future hold?

Summary of Evidence ● Prevalence of substance abuse in the Native American population in Massachusetts is fortified by: ○ Youths engaging in risky drug abuse behavior ○ Low high school and college graduation rate ○ Low income per household ○ High percentage of persons and families living in poverty ○ Low access to health professionals ○ Diminished quality of life 14

Looking Towards the Future ● Preventative methods ○ Reconnect with the culture ○ Creating programs centered around community values ■ Focusing on age specific interventions ○ Creating a better healthcare infrastructure (access to rehabilitation programs) ○ Opening up the conversation to consider social determinant factors 15

Questions? 16 3 Questions You Need To Ask Before Buying A Home. ” Keeping Current Matters

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