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Viruses and the Lytic Cycle GET STARTED ARE VIRUSES ALIVE? THE LYTIC CYCLE attachment entry replication assembly Place your keyboard aside. You will navigate with your mouse. release QUIZ

BACK What Are Viruses? Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. HOME

BACK What Are Viruses? Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. Artist drawing of a virus HOME

BACK What Are Viruses? Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. Actual picture of a virus HOME

BACK What Are Viruses? Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. The outer layer of a virus is called the capsid. It is made from various proteins. HOME

BACK What Are Viruses? Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. The outer layer of a virus is called the capsid. It is made from various proteins. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acid they possess. HOME

BACK What Are Viruses? Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. The outer layer of a virus is called the capsid. It is made from various proteins. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acid they possess. For instance, the flu, polio, and measles are diseases all caused by RNA viruses. HOME

BACK What Are Viruses? HOME Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. The outer layer of a virus is called the capsid. It is made from various proteins. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acid they possess. For instance, the flu, polio, and measles are diseases all caused by RNA viruses. The polio virus attacks the central nervous system and weakens muscles.

BACK What Are Viruses? HOME Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. The outer layer of a virus is called the capsid. It is made from various proteins. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acid they possess. For instance, the flu, polio, and measles are diseases all caused by RNA viruses. Measles affects the respiratory system and causes a rash.

BACK What Are Viruses? HOME Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. The outer layer of a virus is called the capsid. It is made from various proteins. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acid they possess. For instance, the flu, polio, and measles are diseases all caused by RNA viruses. Influenza (flu) symptoms

BACK What Are Viruses? Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. The outer layer of a virus is called the capsid. It is made from various proteins. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acid they possess. For instance, the flu, polio, and measles are diseases all caused by RNA viruses. Small pox and chicken pox are diseases caused by DNA viruses. DNA molecule HOME

BACK What Are Viruses? Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. The outer layer of a virus is called the capsid. It is made from various proteins. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acid they possess. For instance, the flu, polio, and measles are diseases all caused by RNA viruses. Small pox and chicken pox are diseases caused by DNA viruses. HOME The smallpox virus caused fluid filled blisters. Due to global vaccination, smallpox has been eradicated (eliminated).

BACK What Are Viruses? HOME Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. The outer layer of a virus is called the capsid. It is made from various proteins. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acid they possess. For instance, the flu, polio, and measles are diseases all caused by RNA viruses. Small pox and chicken pox are diseases caused by DNA viruses. The chicken pox virus causes an itchy rash.

BACK What Are Viruses? Viruses by definition are kinda hard to describe. They are biological particles made of protein and nucleic acid. The outer layer of a virus is called the capsid. It is made from various proteins. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acid they possess. For instance, the flu, polio, and measles are diseases all caused by RNA viruses. Small pox and chicken pox are diseases caused by DNA viruses. Are viruses even alive? Let’s look at this in more detail. HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. Autotroph HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? HOME Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. This insect has adapted to resemble leaves.

BACK Are Viruses Alive? HOME Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. Bacteria have adapted to resist antibiotics.

BACK Are Viruses Alive? HOME Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. Cuttlefish (type of squid) have adapted the ability to change colors.

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. HOME Organism? Organ systems? Organs ? correct Tissue ? Click the correct box above: What are cells organized into?

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. Organism? Organ systems? HOME correct Organs ? Click the correct box above: What are tissues organized into?

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. Organism? HOME correct Organ systems? Click the correct box above: What are organs organized into?

BACK Are Viruses Alive? HOME Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. And organ systems are organized into an overall organism.

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? HOME Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Bacteria reproduce asexually simply by splitting themselves in two.

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. HOME parent Bud/baby Jellyfish can reproduce asexually by “budding” where a new jellyfish grows off the parent.

BACK Are Viruses Alive? HOME Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Flowering plants reproduce sexually with the help of pollinators such as butterflies, bees, and birds.

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. HOME Virus Are viruses made from cells? Cell

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Are viruses made from cells? No. As stated earlier, viruses are particles of protein and nucleic acid. They do not possess organelles such as ribosomes, mitochondria, or even a cell membrane. HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Do viruses require energy? Autotroph HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Do viruses require energy? No. All life needs to feed in some way whether they are autotrophs or heterotrophs. But viruses do not require energy to survive. They do not feed in any way. Autotroph HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? HOME Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Are viruses able to adapt to their surroundings? “Walking stick” insects have adapted to look like sticks to hide from predators.

BACK Are Viruses Alive? HOME Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Are viruses able to adapt to their surroundings? Yes. This is why you must get a flu shot every year. A flu shot from 2 years ago will not protect you from the current version of the flu virus. The flu virus has changed and adapted over the years. Flu shots need to be taken yearly.

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Do viruses have organization? HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Do viruses have organization? Yes. Although viruses are not organized in the same manner of cells, they have inner nucleic acid an outer layer of protein. As we will see these virus parts play specific functions in the “life” of a virus. HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Do viruses reproduce? HOST CELL HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. Do viruses reproduce? This is tricky because viruses don’t reproduce themselves. They direct a host cell into making new virus copies. But since viruses possess the ability to pass their genes onto the next generation…. yes… viruses do reproduce. HOST CELL HOME

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. HOME Virus virus DNA HOST CELL Do viruses reproduce? This is tricky because viruses don’t reproduce themselves. They direct a host cell into making new virus copies. But since viruses possess the ability to pass their genes onto the next generation…. yes… viruses do reproduce. Viruses will land on a host and inject their DNA.

BACK Are Viruses Alive? Scientists have identified a few basic features that all life on Earth seems to possess: All life is made from at least one cell. All life requires energy. All life is able to adapt to their surroundings. All life has organization. All life reproduces. virus CELL HOST virus Do viruses reproduce? This is tricky because viruses don’t reproduce themselves. They direct a host cell into making new virus copies. But since viruses possess the ability to pass their genes onto the next generation…. yes… viruses do reproduce. HOME Virus DNA virus Once inside, the virus DNA directs the host into making new viruses.

BACK So… Are Viruses Alive? Currently, science agrees on 6 large categories of life called “kingdoms. ” Examine the picture to the right. Click on the kingdoms of life to see where viruses are classified. CLICK HOME CLICK Did you click all 6?

BACK So… Are Viruses Alive? Currently, science agrees on 6 large categories of life called “kingdoms. ” Examine the picture to the right. Click on the kingdoms of life to see where viruses are classified. Confused? Don’t be. Viruses are not considered living organisms so they are not placed within any of the 6 kingdoms of life. Even though they are not “alive” they do cause some serious harm to other living organisms. Lets examine the cycle that describes how viruses copy themselves. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The first stage of the lytic cycle is called “attachment”. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Attachment A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The first stage of the lytic cycle is called “attachment”. On the surface of cells there are lumps of proteins called receptors. Some viruses are shaped perfectly to fit these receptors, just like a key fits a lock. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Attachment A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The first stage of the lytic cycle is called “attachment”. On the surface of cells there are lumps of proteins called receptors. Some viruses are shaped perfectly to fit these receptors, just like a key fits a lock. receptors HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Attachment A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The first stage of the lytic cycle is called “attachment”. On the surface of cells there are lumps of proteins called receptors. Some viruses are shaped perfectly to fit these receptors, just like a key fits a lock. Lock and key must fit… Just like a virus and receptor HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Attachment A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The first stage of the lytic cycle is called “attachment”. On the surface of cells there are lumps of proteins called receptors. Some viruses are shaped perfectly to fit these receptors, just like a key fits a lock. When a virus lands on a host cell and can properly fit/match the receptor, the virus has officially “attached” to the host cell. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Entry A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The second stage of the lytic cycle is called “entry”. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Entry A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The second stage of the lytic cycle is called “entry”. Like the name implies, the virus will enter the host cell. This happens usually in one of two ways: HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Entry A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The second stage of the lytic cycle is called “entry”. Like the name implies, the virus will enter the host cell. This happens usually in one of two ways: The first way Some viruses will weaken the cell membrane of the host cell by releasing enzymes. Once that happens, they will literally inject their RNA or DNA into the host cell. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Entry HOME A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The second stage of the lytic cycle is called “entry”. Like the name implies, the virus will enter the host cell. This happens usually in one of two ways: The first way Some viruses will weaken the cell membrane of the host cell by releasing enzymes. Once that happens, they will literally inject their RNA or DNA into the host cell. This virus is injecting it’s DNA/RNA.

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Entry A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The second stage of the lytic cycle is called “entry”. Like the name implies, the virus will enter the host cell. This happens usually in one of two ways: The Second Way The virus will be completely swallowed by the host cell. Because the virus matched the receptor, the host cell is tricked into thinking the virus is a needed molecule. The host cell willingly swallows the virus by the process of phagocytosis. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Entry A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The second stage of the lytic cycle is called “entry”. Like the name implies, the virus will enter the host cell. This happens usually in one of two ways: The Second Way The virus will be completely swallowed by the host cell. Because the virus matched the receptor, the host cell is tricked into thinking the virus is a needed molecule. The host cell willingly swallows the virus by the process of phagocytosis. This virus is being swallowed by the host cell. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Entry A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The second stage of the lytic cycle is called “entry”. Like the name implies, the virus will enter the host cell. This happens usually in one of two ways: The Second Way The virus will be completely swallowed by the host cell. Because the virus matched the receptor, the host cell is tricked into thinking the virus is a needed molecule. The host cell willingly swallows the virus by the process of phagocytosis. Once inside, the outer layer of the virus will dissolve, thus exposing the RNA or DNA of the virus. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Entry A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The second stage of the lytic cycle is called “entry”. Like the name implies, the virus will enter the host cell. This happens usually in one of two ways: The Second Way The virus will be completely swallowed by the host cell. Because the virus matched the receptor, the host cell is tricked into thinking the virus is a needed molecule. The host cell willingly swallows the virus by the process of phagocytosis. Once inside, the outer layer of the virus will dissolve, thus exposing the RNA or DNA of the virus. Notice how the outer layer disappeared? HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Replication A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The third stage of the lytic cycle is called “replication”. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Replication A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The third stage of the lytic cycle is called “replication”. Since the virus does not have organelles of its own, it will need to use the organelles of the host cell. Particularly, the virus will use the ribosomes of the host cell. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Replication A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The third stage of the lytic cycle is called “replication”. Since the virus does not have organelles of its own, it will need to use the organelles of the host cell. Particularly, the virus will use the ribosomes of the host cell. Lets review. What do ribosomes create? correct Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic acids HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Replication A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The third stage of the lytic cycle is called “replication”. Since the virus does not have organelles of its own, it will need to use the organelles of the host cell. Particularly, the virus will use the ribosomes of the host cell. Lets review. Ribosomes create proteins through which process? Hint: Watch the animation. Replication Mitosis Transcription correct Translation HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Replication A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The third stage of the lytic cycle is called “replication”. Since the virus does not have organelles of its own, it will need to use the organelles of the host cell. Particularly, the virus will use the ribosomes of the host cell. Let’s pretend the virus just injected DNA into the host cell. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Replication A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The third stage of the lytic cycle is called “replication”. Since the virus does not have organelles of its own, it will need to use the organelles of the host cell. Particularly, the virus will use the ribosomes of the host cell. Let’s pretend the virus just injected DNA into the host cell. DNA HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Replication A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The third stage of the lytic cycle is called “replication”. Since the virus does not have organelles of its own, it will need to use the organelles of the host cell. Particularly, the virus will use the ribosomes of the host cell. Let’s pretend the virus just injected DNA into the host cell. The virus DNA will be converted into virus RNA through the process of transcription. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Replication A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The third stage of the lytic cycle is called “replication”. The DNA in blue… Since the virus does not have organelles of its own, it will need to use the organelles of the host cell. Particularly, the virus will use the ribosomes of the host cell. Let’s pretend the virus just injected DNA into the host cell. The virus DNA will be converted into virus RNA through the process of transcription. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Replication HOME A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The third stage of the lytic cycle is called “replication”. The DNA in blue… Since the virus does not have organelles of its own, it will need to use the organelles of the host cell. Particularly, the virus will use the ribosomes of the host cell. Let’s pretend the virus just injected DNA into the host cell. The virus DNA will be converted into virus RNA through the process of transcription. is being used to make m. RNA in red.

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Here is the virus DNA that was recently injected into the host cell. Remember that DNA is a double helix, where adenine (A) bonds to thymine (T) and cytosine (C) bonds to guanine (G). A T T G G C A A C G T A A C C G T T G C A C

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Enzymes (molecular scissors) separate the strands of virus DNA by breaking the bonds between the A/T and the C/G. A T T G G C A A C G T A A C C G T T G C A C

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U A? U? C? G? T T G G C A A C G T G

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U T A A? U? C? G? T G G C A A C G T G

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U T A A? U? C? G? G G C A A C G T G

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U T A G C A? U? C? G? G C A A C G T G

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U T A G C A? U? C? G? C A A C G T G

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U T A G C C G A? U? C? G? A A C G T G

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U T A G C C G A U A? U? C? G? A C G T G

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U T A G C C G A U A? U? C? G? C G T G

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U T A G C C G A U C G A? U? C? G? G T G

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U T A G C C G A U C G G C A? U? C? G? T G

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U T A G C C G A U C G G C T A A? U? C? G? G

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the DNA has been separated, pieces of viral RNA will begin to attach to the DNA that is left behind. Perform transcription by clicking on the proper RNA that will match. A U T A G C C G A U Virus RNA A U C G G C T A G C A? U? C? G?

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Now that the virus m. RNA has been created, it will break away from the DNA. Virus DNA A U T A G C C G A U Virus RNA A U C G G C T A G C

Let’s Practice Transcription BACK HOME Remember that viruses do not contain ribosomes. But the virus RNA will enter a ribosome that belongs to the host cell. U A ribosome A C C G U U G C A C

Let’s Remember Translation BACK HOME The ribosome of the host cell will read the virus RNA three nucleotides (codon) at a time. And depending on the m. RNA code, transfer RNA will deliver a specific amino acid. U A A C C G U U G C A C t. RNA ribosome Amino acid t. RNA will deliver this amino acid and the ribosome will move down to the next codon.

Let’s Remember Translation BACK HOME Now that the ribosome moved down a notch, it can read the next codon and wait for the next amino acid. U A A C Amino acid C G U U G C A C t. RNA ribosome Amino acid t. RNA will deliver this amino acid and the ribosome will move down to the next codon.

Let’s Remember Translation BACK HOME Now that the ribosome moved down a notch, it can read the next codon and wait for the next amino acid. U A A C C G U Amino acid U G C A C t. RNA ribosome Amino acid t. RNA will deliver this amino acid and the ribosome will move down to the next codon.

Let’s Remember Translation BACK HOME Now that the ribosome moved down a notch, it can read the next codon and wait for the next amino acid. U A A C C G U U G C Amino acid C t. RNA ribosome Amino acid A Amino acid t. RNA will deliver this amino acid and the ribosome will move down to the next codon.

Let’s Remember Translation BACK HOME Now that the ribosome has reached the end of the m. RNA, this virus protein is finished. The host cell was used by the virus to create proteins that it needs. U A A C C G U U G C Amino acid A ribosome Amino acid Virus protein created by translation C

BACK Recap of the Lytic Cycle Step 1: Attachment -- The virus attaches to the host cell HOME

BACK Recap of the Lytic Cycle Step 1: Attachment -- The virus attaches to the host cell Step 2: Entry -- The viral DNA (or RNA) enters the host cell HOME

BACK Recap of the Lytic Cycle Step 1: Attachment -- The virus attaches to the host cell Step 2: Entry -- The viral DNA (or RNA) enters the host cell Step 3: Replication -- The virus will use the host cell to create virus proteins through the process of transcription and translation HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Assembly A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The fourth stage of the lytic cycle is called “assembly”. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Assembly A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The fourth stage of the lytic cycle is called “assembly”. Now that the virus used the host cell to create virus amino acids, those proteins will be assembled into new viruses. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Assembly HOME A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The fourth stage of the lytic cycle is called “assembly”. Now that the virus used the host cell to create virus amino acids, those proteins will be assembled into new viruses. Puzzle pieces need to be assembled… just like the virus proteins

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Assembly A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The fourth stage of the lytic cycle is called “assembly”. Now that the virus used the host cell to create virus amino acids, those proteins will be assembled into new viruses. Amino acid Amino acid HOME Amino acid Amino acid The. This smaller new amino virus has acids now are arranged been assembled into a larger inside protein. the host cell.

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Assembly A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The fourth stage of the lytic cycle is called “assembly”. Now that the virus used the host cell to create virus amino acids, those proteins will be assembled into new viruses. Those new viruses then begin to release enzymes that weaken the cell membrane of the host cell. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Assembly HOME A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The fourth stage of the lytic cycle is called “assembly”. Now that the virus used the host cell to create virus amino acids, those proteins will be assembled into new viruses. Those new viruses then begin to release enzymes that weaken the cell membrane of the host cell. What do you think will happen to the host cell once the cell membrane becomes too weak? no no The cell will multiply The cell will feed The cell will burst The cell will run away correct no

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Release A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The fifth stage of the lytic cycle is called “release”. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Release A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The fifth stage of the lytic cycle is called “release”. When the cell membrane becomes too weak, the cell will burst (lyse). This is why this process is called the lytic cycle. HOME

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Release HOME A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The fifth stage of the lytic cycle is called “release”. When the cell membrane becomes too weak, the cell will burst (lyse). This is why this process is called the lytic cycle. Virus enzymes weaken the cell membrane (like the pin) and causes the cell to burst.

BACK The Lytic Cycle: Release A virus will go through a series of 5 stages as it infects a cell. The fifth stage of the lytic cycle is called “release”. When the cell membrane becomes too weak, the cell will burst (lyse). This is why this process is called the lytic cycle. When the cell bursts open, the new “baby” viruses are released from the host cell and can infect new cells to repeat this process. HOME

BACK Step 1: Attachment -- The virus attaches to the host cell Conclusion attachment HOME

BACK Step 1: Attachment -- The virus attaches to the host cell Step 2: Entry -- The viral DNA (or RNA) enters the host cell Conclusion HOME attachment entry

BACK Conclusion HOME Step 1: Attachment -- The virus attaches to the host cell attachment Step 2: Entry -- The viral DNA (or RNA) enters the host cell entry Step 3: Replication -- The virus will use the host cell to create virus proteins through the process of transcription and translation Replication & assembly

BACK Conclusion HOME Step 1: Attachment -- The virus attaches to the host cell attachment Step 2: Entry -- The viral DNA (or RNA) enters the host cell entry Step 3: Replication -- The virus will use the host cell to create virus proteins through the process of transcription and translation Step 4: Assembly -- The virus proteins are assembled into new viruses Replication & assembly

BACK Conclusion Step 1: Attachment -- The virus attaches to the host cell Step 2: Entry -- The viral DNA (or RNA) enters the host cell Step 3: Replication -- The virus will use the host cell to create virus proteins through the process of transcription and translation HOME attachment entry Replication & assembly Step 4: Assembly -- The virus proteins are assembled into new viruses Step 5: Release -- The cell bursts open, releasing the viruses release

BACK #1) Quiz HOME What can be found inside the capsid of a virus? Nucleic acid Lipids Carbohydrates Ribosomes correct

BACK #2) Quiz HOME Viruses can reproduce. Name two other features of life that viruses possess. Viruses are made from cells Viruses require energy Viruses adapt to their environment Yes. There is another. Viruses have organization Yes. There is another. Did you find both answers?

BACK #3) Quiz HOME Where can receptors be found? On the surface of the virus On the surface of a ribosome On the surface of a cell On the surface of DNA Correct

BACK #4) Quiz HOME Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this animation? Attachment Entry Replication Assembly Release Correct

BACK #5) Quiz HOME What is created during the process of translation? DNA RNA Proteins Ribosomes Correct

BACK #6) Quiz HOME In which stage will a virus use a ribosome from the host to create its own proteins? Attachment Entry Replication Assembly Release Correct

BACK #7) Quiz HOME Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this animation? Attachment Entry Replication Assembly Release Correct

BACK #8) Quiz HOME What are the two categories of viruses? Lytic cycle and non-lytic cycle Living and non-living Deadly and non-deadly DNA and RNA Transcription and translation Correct

BACK #9) Quiz HOME Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this picture? Attachment Entry Replication Assembly Release Correct

BACK #10) Quiz HOME During translation, what delivers amino acids to the ribosome? DNA t. RNA m. RNA Receptors Correct

BACK HOME Be sure to turn in your worksheet when finished.

#1) Quiz What can be found inside the capsid of a virus? Nucleic acid No Lipids Carbohydrates Ribosomes Wrong. Lets review. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acids they possess. Try again

#1) Quiz What can be found inside the capsid of a virus? Nucleic acid Lipids No Carbohydrates Ribosomes Wrong. Lets review. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acids they possess. Try again

#1) Quiz What can be found inside the capsid of a virus? Nucleic acid Lipids Carbohydrates No Ribosomes Wrong. Lets review. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acids they possess. Try again

#2) Quiz Viruses can reproduce. Name two other features of life that viruses possess. No Viruses are made from cells Viruses require energy Viruses adapt to their environment Viruses have organization Wrong. Lets review. Hint: You need a flu shot every year because of which virus feature? Hint: Viruses have different parts that perform specific tasks. This is a type of ______. Try again

#2) Quiz Viruses contain which two features of life? Viruses are made from cells No Viruses require energy Viruses adapt to their environment Viruses have organization Wrong. Lets review. Hint: You need a flu shot every year because of which virus feature? Hint: Viruses have different parts that perform specific tasks. This is a type of ______. Try again

#3) Quiz Where can receptors be found? No On the surface of the virus On the surface of a ribosome On the surface of a cell On the surface of DNA Wrong. Lets review. receptors Hint: In this animation you can see the receptors. Study the picture and try again. Try again

#3) Quiz Where can receptors be found? On the surface of the virus No On the surface of a ribosome On the surface of a cell On the surface of DNA Wrong. Lets review. receptors Hint: In this animation you can see the receptors. Study the picture and try again. Try again

#3) Quiz Where can receptors be found? On the surface of the virus On the surface of a ribosome On the surface of a cell No On the surface of DNA Wrong. Lets review. receptors Hint: In this animation you can see the receptors. Study the picture and try again. Try again

#4) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this animation? Attachment No Entry Replication Assembly Release Wrong. Lets review. In this animation you can see DNA being injected into the cell. Which word would best describe the “injecting of DNA”? Try again

#4) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this animation? Attachment Entry Replication No Assembly Release Wrong. Lets review. In this animation you can see DNA being injected into the cell. Which word would best describe the “injecting of DNA”? Try again

#4) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this animation? Attachment Entry Replication Assembly No Release Wrong. Lets review. In this animation you can see DNA being injected into the cell. Which word would best describe the “injecting of DNA”? Try again

#4) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this animation? Attachment Entry Replication Assembly Release No Wrong. Lets review. In this animation you can see DNA being injected into the cell. Which word would best describe the “injecting of DNA”? Try again

#5) Quiz What is created during the process of translation? No DNA RNA Proteins Ribosomes Wrong. Lets review. Use the flow diagram below to help. DNA transcription RNA translation Protein Try again

#5) Quiz What is created during the process of translation? DNA No RNA Proteins Ribosomes Wrong. Lets review. Use the flow diagram below to help. DNA transcription RNA translation Protein Try again

#5) Quiz What is created during the process of translation? DNA RNA Proteins Ribosomes No Wrong. Lets review. Use the flow diagram below to help. DNA transcription RNA translation Protein Try again

#6) Quiz In which stage will a virus use a ribosome from the host to create its own proteins? Attachment No Entry Replication Assembly Release Wrong. Lets Review The virus makes proteins as it makes extra copies of itself. Which choice sounds like the process of “making extra copies”? Try again

#6) Quiz In which stage will a virus use a ribosome from the host to create its own proteins? Attachment Entry No Replication Assembly Release Wrong. Lets Review The virus makes proteins as it makes extra copies of itself. Which choice sounds like the process of “making extra copies”? Try again

#6) Quiz In which stage will a virus use a ribosome from the host to create its own proteins? Attachment Entry Replication Assembly No Release Wrong. Lets Review The virus makes proteins as it makes extra copies of itself. Which choice sounds like the process of “making extra copies”? Try again

#6) Quiz In which stage will a virus use a ribosome from the host to create its own proteins? Attachment Entry Replication Assembly Release No Wrong. Lets Review The virus makes proteins as it makes extra copies of itself. Which choice sounds like the process of “making extra copies”? Try again

#7) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this animation? Attachment Entry No Replication Assembly Release Wrong. Lets review. In this animation, the virus is landing and joining with the host cell. Which word means “to join together”? Try again

#7) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this animation? Attachment Entry Replication No Assembly Release Wrong. Lets review. In this animation, the virus is landing and joining with the host cell. Which word means “to join together”? Try again

#7) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this animation? Attachment Entry Replication Assembly No Release Wrong. Lets review. In this animation, the virus is landing and joining with the host cell. Which word means “to join together”? Try again

#7) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this animation? Attachment Entry Replication Assembly Release No Wrong. Lets review. In this animation, the virus is landing and joining with the host cell. Which word means “to join together”? Try again

#8) Quiz What are the two categories of viruses? Lytic cycle and non-lytic cycle No Living and non-living Deadly and non-deadly DNA and RNA Transcription and translation Try again Wrong. Lets review. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acids they possess.

#8) Quiz What are the two categories of viruses? Lytic cycle and non-lytic cycle Living and non-living No Deadly and non-deadly DNA and RNA Transcription and translation Try again Wrong. Lets review. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acids they possess.

#8) Quiz What are the two categories of viruses? Lytic cycle and non-lytic cycle Living and non-living Deadly and non-deadly No DNA and RNA Transcription and translation Try again Wrong. Lets review. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acids they possess.

#8) Quiz What are the two categories of viruses? Lytic cycle and non-lytic cycle Living and non-living Deadly and non-deadly DNA and RNA Transcription and translation No Try again Wrong. Lets review. Inside the virus is where you can find the nucleic acid. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA. Never both. In fact, one way that scientists will classify viruses is based on the type of nucleic acids they possess.

#9) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this picture? Attachment No Entry Replication Assembly Release Wrong. Lets review. This picture shows a cell being destroyed and many viruses exiting from the inside. Which choice means “to spread? ” Try again

#9) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this picture? Attachment Entry No Replication Assembly Release Wrong. Lets review. This picture shows a cell being destroyed and many viruses exiting from the inside. Which choice means “to spread? ” Try again

#9) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this picture? Attachment Entry Replication No Assembly Release Wrong. Lets review. This picture shows a cell being destroyed and many viruses exiting from the inside. Which choice means “to spread? ” Try again

#9) Quiz Which stage of the lytic cycle is shown in this picture? Attachment Entry Replication Assembly No Release Wrong. Lets review. This picture shows a cell being destroyed and many viruses exiting from the inside. Which choice means “to spread? ” Try again

#10) Quiz During translation, what delivers amino acids to the ribosome? DNA No t. RNA Amino acid m. RNA ribosome ? Receptors Amino Wrong. Lets review. acid In the animation what delivered the purple amino acids to that green ribosome? Hint: The amino acids are “transferred” to the ribosome. ? Try again

#10) Quiz During translation, what delivers amino acids to the ribosome? DNA Amino acid t. RNA m. RNA ribosome No ? Receptors Amino Wrong. Lets review. acid In the animation what delivered the purple amino acids to that green ribosome? Hint: The amino acids are “transferred” to the ribosome. ? Try again

#10) Quiz During translation, what delivers amino acids to the ribosome? DNA Amino acid t. RNA m. RNA ribosome Receptors ? No Amino Wrong. Lets review. acid In the animation what delivered the purple amino acids to that green ribosome? Hint: The amino acids are “transferred” to the ribosome. ? Try again