President James Monroe and the Era of Good

President James Monroe and the Era of Good Feelings

Election of 1816

Era of Good Feelings 1815 - 1820 s • Transportation advancements – 1. ) Turnpikes – durable roads between cities which assured good transportation for goods and customers. 2. ) Steam Boats ( Robert Fulton’s Folly) Steam allowed ships to go up river under it’s own power as fast as 10 MPH. 3. ) Canals 1825 - Erie Canal linked Albany to Buffalo and NYC to the West through the great Lakes. And the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal • By 1815 US exports 200, 000 bales of cotton per year, doubles within five years. By 1815, US has over 400 textile mills. • Tariffs (taxes on imported goods) designed to remove European products from American markets. Southerners fear that tariffs may end European purchase of cotton. Taxes (tariffs) are to be used to develop internal improvements.

Speaker of the House: Henry Clay

Henry Clay’s American System, 1816 • 1. A Strong banking System, which would provide easy and abundant credit. • 2. A Protective Tariff, which would protect eastern manufacturing and enable it to flourish. • 3. Money raised from tariffs and the bank would be used to build roads and canals.

The American System

American System: Who gets what? • WEST got roads, canals, and federal aide. • EAST got the backing of protective tariffs from the West. • SOUTH ? ?

Erie Canal: Linking the west to NYC

Erie Canal System

Secretary of State John Quincy Adams

The Convention of 1818 with England

Adam-Onis Treaty • • • 1819: Florida –Andrew Jackson follows a group of renegade Seminole Indians into Florida where he defeats them. They were raiding the Southern frontier and encouraging slave uprisings. While in Florida, the US demands that Spain sell us Florida, which they do. Adams-Onis Treaty for $5 Million. The treaty sets up Spanish- American border.

Adams-Onis Treaty

The West & the NW: 1819 -1824

Financial Panic of 1819

The Missouri Question, 1819 • Missouri wanted to become a state but the north refused to allow Missouri to become a slave state in the United States. The South contemplates secession if Missouri is entered as a free state. James Tallmadge (NY) says, let Missouri enter as a slave state, but lets end slavery in that state in 20 years. South mad because this will take away their property rights.

Tallmadge Amendment • All slaves born in Missouri after the territory became a state would be freed at the age of 25. • Passed by the House, not in the Senate. • The North controlled the House, and the South had enough power to block it in the Senate.

Missouri Compromise: Compromise of 1820 • Henry Clay (Kentucky) comes up with the compromise, he said allow Missouri to become a slave state but create Maine out of Massachusetts, thus keeping a balance of power in the senate. Also, add the stipulation that anything above the 36’ 30’ line shall be open to free settlement and below that line shall be developed into slave states.

The Compromise of 1820: “A Fire bell in the Night!”

Missouri Compromise

Election of 1820: Monroe wins big

Denmark Vesey Case • Charleston, SC - Denmark Vesey: attempt to steal ship and lead slave revolt.

1823: Monroe Doctrine • • Written by Secretary of State John Q. Adams. An attempt to remove European influence from America after War of 1812. December 1823, the Monroe Doctrine says: 1. ) European powers are not permitted to colonize in the Western Hemisphere – no new colonies. 2. ) Europeans must stay away from the governments of these countries, 3. ) US will refrain from European affairs, and 4. ) There will be war if Europe does not follow the rules.

Monroe Doctrine • When Latin American nations revolt, U. S. supports new republics • European Nations want to crush new countries • 1823 --Monroe Doctrine warns European nations out of the Western Hemisphere

Monroe Doctrine

1824 Election: The Dirty Deal – Andrew Jackson had more electoral votes and many more popular votes than either of the other three candidates. However, he did not have enough to be declared the winner. – The election was decided by the House of Representatives. Henry Clay, 4 th place candidate, was speaker of the house.

Dirty Deal Continued • Clay gave his support to Adams, so Adams won (dirty deal). In exchange for giving his support to Adams, Clay becomes Secretary of State (the stepping stone to the white House). • Jackson called Henry Clay, “The Judas of the West” for making the bargain with Adams.

Election of 1824 Candidate Vote Popular Vote Electoral Andrew Jackson J. Q. Adams William Crawford Henry Clay 43% 31% 13% 99 32 41 37

John Q. Adams wins the disputed 1824 Election

John Quincy Adams

Internal Improvements • Well aware that he would face hostility in Congress, Adams nevertheless proclaimed in his first Annual Message a spectacular national program. He proposed that the Federal Government bring the sections together with a network of highways and canals, and that it develop and conserve the public domain, using funds from the sale of public lands. In 1828, he broke ground for the 185 -mile C & 0 Canal.

Cherokee Nation • Gold had been discovered on Cherokee Lands during Adams administration, and settlers demanded that Adams seize their land. Adams refused to treat the Indians unfairly, and was unable to obtain the land from the natives during his one term in office.

1828: The Tariff of Abominations enacted • Taxes on imported goods, designed to help protect northern industry. The largest tariff in US history up to that time. This tariff hurt southern agriculture because Europeans refused to pay high prices for cotton. Needless to say, the South is very angry at this act.

A Yankee Misfit in the White House • Besides his large tariffs, John Quincy Adams is most known for his attempts to build a national observatory for astrology and for his desire to construct a national university. Neither of these projects passed, and Adams was considered an elitist for having spoke of these plans.

Adams under fire: Election of 1828 • Adams was never a popular president. Andrew Jackson kept up a constant mud slinging campaign where he claimed that Adams was a pimp for introducing an American women to the Russian Czar when he was ambassador to Russia. • Andrew Jackson claimed that Adams was turning the White House into a gambling house because Adams bought a chess set and pool table for the White House. Jackson described these devices as gambling table and game.