President Franklin D Roosevelt Roosevelt over Hoover l

President Franklin D. Roosevelt

Roosevelt over Hoover l l l l l 1932 Election Facts Roosevelt is a distant cousin of 26 th President, Theodore Roosevelt Issues of the Day: Great Depression, Prohibition 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)Electoral 472 Popular 22, 821, 857 Herbert C. Hoover (R) (I) Electoral 59 Popular 15, 761, 841 (D) = Democratic (R) = Republican (I) = Incumbent

Landslide

President Roosevelt’s First Inaugural Address

First 100 Days l l Bold and decisive action Put people back to work Bench mark for future Presidents All future Presidents would be measured by his 100 day record of action.

“Action and Action NOW”

President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal 3 R’s Relief Recovery Reform

Relief : actions to stop the economic decline Which programs of the New Deal apply?

Relief Bank Holiday Emergency Banking Act Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) Public Works Adm. (PWA) Works Progress Adm. (WPA)

Recovery- Restart Consumer demand l l l AAA- Agricultural Adjustment Act NRA- National Recovery Adm. National Industrial Recovery Adm. FHA- Federal Housing Adm. NLRB- National Labor relations board PWA-Public Works Administration

FDIC

Reform- actions to prevent future economic disasters l l l FDIC-Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. Social Security SEC- Securities Exchange Commission NLRB- National Labor Relations Board Tennessee Valley Authority

Civilian Conservation Corp

Civilian Conservation Corp- is estimated to have planted 3 billion trees l

Letchworth State Park

President Roosevelt signing Social Security Act of 1935 in the Cabinet Room of the White House. Also shown, left to right: Rep. Robert Doughton (D-NC); Sen. Robert Wagner (D-NY); Rep. John Dingell, Sr. (D-MI); Unknown man in bowtie; Secretary of Labor, Frances Perkins; Senator Pat Harrison (DMS); Congressman David L. Lewis (D-MD). Library of Congress photo, LC-US 262 -123278.

Questions?

Roosevelt Legacy l l l l “Nothing to Fear, but Fear Itself” Brain Trust Demagogues Dust Bowl-- Rt. 66 Blue Eagle Fireside chats Supreme Court cases 100 days

“Fireside Chats”

Harry Hopkins began his career as a social worker. In 1931, Franklin Roosevelt appointed Hopkins to head the New York Temporary Relief Agency; a job he carried out with zeal. Between 1933 and 1938, Hopkins administered some of the largest New Deal programs.

Tennessee Valley Authority l l Created in 1933 7 --states included in the project

TVA Norris dam -1 st built by the TVA in Eastern Tennessee

Norris dam l Norris Dam is a straight concrete gravitytype dam. The dam is 1860 feet (570 m) long and 265 feet (81 m) high. Norris Lake is the largest reservoir on a tributary of the Tennessee River, with 33, 840 acres (137 km²) of water surface and 809 miles (1302 km) of shoreline. The dam is equipped with two 50 MW electrical generators.

Chickamauga Dam l Chickamauga Dam is a New Deal dam started in 1936 and completed in 1940. It is located in Hamilton County in the U. S. state of Tennessee inside Chattanooga, TN. It impounds Chickamauga Lake and feeds into Nickajack Lake. It is one of nine Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) dams on the Tennessee River, is 5800 feet long and 129 feet high. The riverwalk, a 10 -mile walkway along the Tennessee River begins here.

Chickamauga Dam

Francis Perkins In 1933 Roosevelt selected Perkins as his Secretary of Labor.

Dust Bowl “Oakies” --RT. 66

RT. 66 “The Mother Road”

Face of the Depression

Huey Long “The Kingfish”

Share Our Wealth l It called upon the federal government to guarantee every family in the nation an annual income of $5, 000, so they could have the necessities of life, including a home, a job, a radio and an automobile. He also proposed limiting private fortunes to $50 million, legacies to $5 million, and annual incomes to $1 million. Everyone over age 60 would receive an old-age pension. His slogan was "Every Man A King. "

Father Coughlin Radio Priest

Father Coughlin l In the 1930 s he made radio addresses in which he criticized such diverse groups as U. S. bankers, trade unionists, and Communists. In 1934 he organized the National Union for Social Justice, which denounced President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal policies and advocated such measures as silver inflation as well as the nationalizing of banks, utilities, and natural resources. Coughlin also published a magazine, Social Justice, in which he expressed pro-Nazi opinions and made increasingly anti-Semitic remarks directed especially at Jewish members of Wall Street. The magazine was barred from the mails by the U. S. government for violation of the Espionage Act and ceased publication in 1942.

Dr. Francis Townsend “Old Age” pension

Townsend Clubs The Townsend Plan called for a guaranteed monthly pension of $200 (a quite-considerable sum in 1930 s dollars, which would have enabled its recipients to have lived a relatively middle class lifestyle) to every retired citizen age 60 or older, to be paid for by a form of a national sales tax of 2% on all business transactions (in reality a concept somewhat akin to a value added tax), with the stipulation that each pensioner would be required to spend the money within 30 days.

New Deal v. Supreme Court l 1935 l Schechter Poultry corp. v US l Struck down the Blue Eagle of the NRA as Unconstitutional l 1936 US V. Butler Strikes down the AAA as Unconstitutional

Roosevelt’s “Court Packing” Scheme Angered by the Supreme Court’s decisions Roosevelt attempts to “Pack” the Court

Criticism of the New Deal

Critics complained l l l Put the country in Debt Federal government made to large. Federal “Bureaucracy” became to complex to manage Legal challenges- ie. Supreme Court cases.

The New Deal and Minorities l l Blacks Last to be Hired first to be fired. Segregation remained Eleanor Roosevelt strong voice for Change Native Americans …also faired poorly under the New Deal

Marian Johnson l DAR refuses to allow her to sing

Culture of the Depression l l l Wizard of OZ Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Laurel and Hardy… Whose on First routine Jack Benny Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers dancing

President Roosevelt Did Franklin D. Roosevelt save this country as we know it today? Write a series of paragraphs defending your response.