Preservatives in food Outline 1 General about preservatives
Preservatives in food
Outline 1. General about preservatives 2. Two examples: 1. natamycin (E 235) 2. benzoic acid (E 210) 3. Resumee
1. General • • Prolong durability in food React like an acid Must be harmless for health and necessary for the food Institutions: • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) • Bf. R (Bundesinstitut für Risiko Bewertung) • FDA (US Food and Drug Administration)
2. 1 Natamycin (1) E 235 - Structure
2. 1 Natamycin (2) Effect • Against yeast and mildew Limit in food • EU: • Licensed for the surface • Antibiotic must be inactive • US: • 20 mg/kg
2. 1 Natamycin (3) Antibiotic • Against fungus infections • Complexing with ergosterol, which stabilize the cell membrane Reactions • JECFA (The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives): • body weight limit of 0. 3 mg/kg/day • EFSA: • No reason for a day limit
2. 2 Benzoic acid (1) E 210 – Structure
2. 2 Benzoic acid (2) Effect • Free acid act against yeast and mildew Limit • EU and US • 150 mg/l in non-alcoholic drinks • 200 mg/l in alcoholic drinks
2. 2 Benzoic acid (4) Benzene • Found in food and drinks with benzoic acid and ascorbic acid • Catalyze by metall ions, UV-light and heat • Is carcinogenic and mutagen
2. 2 Benzoic acid (5) Benzene • Limit for water • US: 5 ppb • EU: 1 µg/l • Ways to reduce benzene • Add nutritive sugar • Add EDTA
3. Conclusion • Natamycin against mildew but also an antibiotic • Benzoic acid against mildew and yeast but react to benzene Discussion Is it better to use preservatives to get a longer durability or should we look more on our health?
4. Sources (1) • Belitz, Hans-Dieter; Grosch, Werner; Schieberle, Peter: Lehrbuch der Lebensmittelchemie, Springer-Verlag, 6. Auflage, 2008 • Leitenberger; Bernd: Zusatzstoffe & E-Nummern, Books on Demand, 1. Auflage, 2012 • Fulop; Ibolya, Padureanu; Anca, Kincses; Ajtay Maria, Croitoru; M. D. : Benzene determination in soft drinks, Acta Medica Marisiensis, Volume 58, pages 297 -299 • Weiß; Claudia: Nitrat, Nitrit, Nitrosamine, Ernährungs Umschau, Volume 4/08, pages 236 -240 • Weiß; Claudia: Nitrat, Nitrit, Nitrosamine, Ernährungs Umschau, Volume 5/08, pages 304 - 307
4. Sources (2) • https: //roempp. thieme. de/roempp 4. 0/do/data/RD-11 -01780 aufgerufen am 25. 05. 2014 • http: //www. gesetze-iminternet. de/zzulv_1998/anlage_5_17. html aufgerufen am 25. 05. 2014 • http: //www. accessdata. fda. gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cf. CFR/CF RSearch. cfm? fr=172. 155 aufgerufen am 25. 05. 2014 • http: //www. bfr. bund. de/cm/343/fragen-und-antworten-zubenzol-in-erfrischungsgetraenken-und-karottensaeften. pdf aufgerufen am 25. 05. 2014 • http: //www. efsa. europa. eu/de/efsajournal/pub/1412. htm aufgerufen am 25. 05. 2014
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