PRESENTS biblewell org Prevent Diabetes Now CONFERENCE 7

PRESENTS biblewell. org

Prevent Diabetes Now! CONFERENCE 7 Morris Lowe, BSc. N, RN Health Department Director, G. C.

Overview

What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.

We all eat a mixture of different foods. Food consists of 3 major nutrients: How do our bodies use food to get the energy we need to function? Ø Carbohydrates Ø Protein Ø Fat All 3 nutrients are required for life for different reasons. Eat a mixture of foods glucose + other stuff Our main source of energy } Circulating in our blood

Body tissue Blood With insulin – a hormone that helps move glucose from the blood into the body tissue Body tissue Glucose circulating in our blood vessels Blood But we need the glucose to go from our blood to the cells in our body’s tissues, this is where the energy gets used. glucose So how? insulin

Body tissue Blood Insulin is produced in an organ called the pancreas Stomach glucose Pancreas insulin If the pancreas does not produce insulin or does not produce enough insulin, glucose builds up in our blood instead of being used for energy. So what?

Complications of Diabetes Vision Loss (diabetic retinopathy) Cardiovascular/ Heart Disease Kidney Disease Nerve Damage and Amputations

Type 1 versus Type 2 Diabetes Type 1 § CANNOT be prevented § § § Most often in children and young adults § Pancreas does not produce insulin § Person will need insulin § Cause is not known § § Type 2 CAN be prevented Most often in adults. Sometimes in children and young adults Pancreas does not make enough insulin or insulin does not work properly Manage with healthy diet, physical activity, medications, and sometimes insulin

Things you Cannot change AGE Over the age of 40 FAMILY HISTORY Parent, brother, sister or children with diabetes ETHNICITY Aboriginal African/Caribbean East Asian (Chinese, Vietnamese, Filipino, Korean, etc. . ) South Asian (East India, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, etc. ) Other Non-White (Latin American, Arab, West Asian, etc. )

Things you Can change Adopt a healthier life style overall… § Be more physically active. § Eat healthy foods § Achieve a healthy weight that is right for you. § Avoid alcohol

Things you CAN Change § Lower high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. § See your health care provider. § Be tobacco free and § avoid second-hand smoke

Diabetes and Smoking § Smokers are at least 50% more likely than non -smokers to get type 2 diabetes. § Among people who have diabetes, those who smoke are more likely to develop:

Signs and Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes Ø Unusual thirst Ø Frequent urination Ø Blurred vision Ø Weight change (gain or loss) Ø Feeling tired

Signs and Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes § Frequent or recurring infections § Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal § Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet

Signs & Symptoms of Diabetes § In some cases, a person can have diabetes but NOT have any signs or symptoms. § Regular check-ups with a health care provider are an important factor in preventing or managing diabetes.

Types of Insulin § There are several types of insulin. These types are classified according to how quickly the insulin begins to work and how long it remains active: § Rapid-acting: (eg, insulin lispro [Humalog®], insulin aspart [Novolog®], & insulin glulisine [Apidra®]) § Short-acting: (eg, insulin regular) § Intermediate-acting: (eg, insulin NPH) § Long-acting: (eg, insulin glargine [Lantus®], insulin detemir [Levemir®]) § The various types of insulin can be used in combination to achieve around-the-clock blood sugar control.

The Global Diabetes Epidemic § § § An estimated 285 million people worldwide are affected by diabetes. With a further 7 million people developing diabetes each year, this number is expected to hit 438 million by 2030. The number of people with diabetes has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. The global prevalence of diabetes among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4. 7% in 1980 to 8. 5% in 2014 Today, more than 9 million Canadians live with diabetes or pre-diabetes. Approximately 10% of people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes.

WHO Facts on Diabetes § § In 2016, an estimated 1. 6 million deaths were directly caused by diabetes. Another 2. 2 million deaths were attributable to high blood glucose in 2012**. Almost half of all deaths attributable to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70 years. WHO estimates that diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in 2016. Healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco use are ways to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.

The Costs of Diabetes • The personal costs of diabetes may include a reduced quality of life and the increased likelihood of complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, and amputation. • Approximately 80% of people with diabetes will die as a result of heart disease or stroke. • Diabetes is a contributing factor in the deaths of approximately 41, 500 Canadians each year. • Canadian adults with diabetes are twice as likely to die prematurely, compared to people without diabetes. • Life expectancy for people with type 1 diabetes may be shortened by as much as 15 years. • Life expectancy for people with type 2 diabetes may be shortened by 5 to 10 years.

The Cost of Diabetes • The financial burden of diabetes and its complications is enormous. • People with diabetes incur medical costs that are two to three times higher than those without diabetes. • A person with diabetes can face direct costs for medication and supplies ranging from $1, 000 to $15, 000 a year. • By 2020, it’s estimated that diabetes will cost the Canadian healthcare system $16. 9 billion a year.

Alcohol and Chronic Diabetes § Cancer § Diabetes § Heart Disease § Disease of the liver, pancreas, nervous system

What is your BMI? Body Mass Index (BMI) is the ratio of your weight to your height. Body fat stored around the abdomen (rather than the hips and thighs) is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. § § White (BMI less than 25) Light grey (BMI 25 to 29) Medium grey (BMI 30 to 34) Black (BMI 35 and over)

Body Max Index (BMI)

A Vegetarian Diet reduces Risk

The Good news is … Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed!

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