Presented by niloofar sadat fasih Superwizer Dr Ghazi

Presented by : niloofar sadat fasih Superwizer: Dr. Ghazi asgar

Today’s Overview • Introduction of oxygen and its 1 properties: • Why O 2 Trapping is important in science ? ? • Reasons to remove O 2 in industries? ? 2 3 4 5 6 • What is OXYGEN Trapping ? ? • Important examples of oxygen trap • References

Introduction of oxygen and its properties : • Landfill gas contains O 2 which enters the landfill as the landfill gas is withdrawn. • O 2 may get added or introduced in the process of being used in gas dryers.

Why O 2 Trapping is important

Oxygen is a column killer. • in UHP gases, leaks allow O 2 to influx against the osmotic gradient. • O 2 can enter a gas line at any fitting.

GC needs pure N 2 gas

O 2 trap should be installed before the gas line enters the Gc.

Reasons to remove O 2 in industries?

Types of oxygen contaminated natural gas streams Vacuu m syste m Natural gas streams : • landfills • Vacuum oil recovery systems • Coal mine (gob gas) methane Traditio • May contain nal only 100 pipeline system ppm of oxygen s

(LPG) &(LNG) contain some amount of O 2 • LPG blending processing with air to reduce its calorific value and achieve air balancing. • Many pipeline specifications require natural gas to contain less than 10 ppm of O 2

O 2 is difficult to separate from natural gas. • Technology not available and developed • High cost of such a removal project

ü increase corrosion in pipelines exceed pipeline specifications

1) O 2 reacts with H 2 S to form sulfur. 2 H 2 S + 3 O 2 2 H 20 + 2 SO 2 2) O 2 creates salt in acid gas removal systems and affect the purge streams.

3) O 2 cause corrosion in the steel by handling glycol solvents used in drying plants -

Benefits of using O 2 trap in purification natural gas üPrevent degradation of process Chemicals üdecrease corrosion in pipelines

O 2 removal sys are rarely employed & usually abandoned or blended to meet pipeline specifications Lack of industria l expertis High Limited e capital O 2 costs removal range Lack of O 2 removal system

What is OXYGEN Trapping

Oxygen removal catalyst is : A chemical used in a reaction or process to remove O 2 from gas streams like : üN 2, H 2, Ar üSaturated hydrocarbons üEthylene üPropylene

streams. used for the purification of N 2, Ar, CO 2. Adsorbents for O 2 Removal Metal catalysts Mixedmetal catalysts

Types of O 2 trappers catalysts : ü Transition metal based deoxidizer (OX-RM) ü Hydro deoxygenation catalyst (OXHR) ü Nickel based deoxidizer (OX-RN)

Importa nt example s of

Transition Metal Based Deoxidizer OX-RM : • Takes transition metal oxides as the promoter. • Designed for gas without hydrogenation directly • The ineffective deoxidizer can be used through regeneration.

OX-RM Properties : • O 2 -removal active : Min 15 ml O 2/g deoxidizer • Remaining O 2 : Max. 0. 5 ppm Operation Conditions (with N 2 -H 2 mixed gas reduction activation before usage) : • Temperature : 200℃ • Pressure : 0 -6. 0 MPa • Feedstock gas inlet O 2 content :

EX : Cu-0226 S A copper oxide on a high surface area Contai alumina sphere catalyst. n Can be restored by Recovery regeneration Removing trace quantities of O 2 in inert Applicati gases at 25 ℃. ( Up to 90 % ) on

Hydro deoxygenation Catalyst OX-HR : • Chemical composition : Pd-Al 2 O 3 • Removing O 2 from nitrogen, hydrogen, and others.

Process conditions : • • • Pressure: 0. 1 -10 MPa Temperature : 100 -210 ℃ Space velocity : 1000 -2000 hr-1 Hydrogen/ Oxygen : >2 V/V Raw material : Nitrogen oxygen Activity index : O 2 < 10 ppm.

EX : ( Puristar R 0 -20) Contai Robust , Pd on an alumina carrier. n Removal of O 2 and/or Deoxo cat H 2 from gas streams. Applicati on Purification of N 2, Ar , and CO 2.

Nickel Based Deoxidizer OX-RN : • Gases without hydrogenation directly. • Use at ambient temperature. • Deoxidation activity : ≥ 20 ml. O 2/g deoxidizer • Remaining O 2 : ≤ 0. 5 ppm

Operation (with N 2 -H 2 mixed gas reduction activation before usage) : • Temperature : Room temperature to 200℃ • Pressure : MPa 0~2. 0 • Feedstock gas inlet O 2 content : Max. 4000 ppm • Feedstock gas inlet dew point : Max. 60℃ • Space velocity : 100 -300(gas), 0. 5 -

De. Oxo ü Removal of O 2 and/or H 2 from gas streams. ü The by-products generated at H 2 O and CO 2. Regenera ü Cu. O catalyst tablet tor ü regenerate removal of O 2, CO, H 2, and other industrial gases and liquids.

Manganese (II) oxide supported on Celite ü Reduce the O 2 in N 2 streams to 1 ppn ü chromatographic suitable ü Non catalytic properties ü enable to be packed directly into columns.