Presented By Michael R Broll MA Mac Neil

Presented By Michael R. Broll MA Mac. Neil Environmental, Inc.

Training Outline l l Introduction Epidemiology BBP HBV HIV Transmission Risks Prevention – Exposure Control Plan – Universal Precautions – HBV Vaccine l l l Personal Protective Equipment Signs/Labels/Dis-posal of Infectious Waste Spill Cleanup/First Aid Response Exposure Incident Post-Exposure Followup

Bloodborne Pathogens l BBP: are pathogenic micro-organisms that are present in human blood, and can cause diseases in humans: – – – l Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIMS), examples include: – vaginal secretions/semen, brain, joint, organ fluids, body fluids with blood including vomit and urine/feces

Hepatitis B Virus l Different Types of Hepatitis [A-E] - HBV is bloodborne l virus damages the liver l symptoms: none to flu-like that may require hospitalization l 6 -10% become HBV Carriers l result is fatal for carriers - cirrhosis l infectious: stays alive outside the body for 7 to 14 days l chance of contracting disease form needle stick is 6% to 30% l HBV Vaccine is available

Hepatitis B Vaccine Offered to designated First Aid Responders l No Cost l 3 - Shot Series: first shot l next shot 1 month later final shot 6 months later Injected intra-muscularly into the deltoid muscle (arm) l Complete Series highly effective - up to 96% efficacy rate l

Hepatitis C l l l Different types of Hepatitis (A-E) -Hepatitis C is bloodborne Virus damages the liver Symptoms: None to flu-like that may require hospitalization 80% become HBC Carriers (20% develop Cirrhosis) HBC Vaccine is not available Transmission: using razors, needles, toothbrushes, nail files, tattooing, or body piercing used by an infected person.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus l l Destroys the immune system is comprised of white blood cells HIV seeks nucleus of white blood cells – – – l l HIV replicates Destroys white blood cells 8 - 15 years symptoms to manifest White Blood Cell count falls below 200: diagnosis is Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome [AIDS] No vaccine, no cure - only prevention

• Worldwide the first cases of HIV infection were recognized in 1981. • The first six cases of HIV infection in Wisconsin were reported in 1983. Wisconsin AIDS/HIV Program

Possible Routes of Transmission l l Accidental injury with a sharp object contaminated with blood/OPIM Open cuts, nicks, skin abrasions, even dermatitis and acne Mucous Membranes of mouth, eyes, nose Indirect transmission, touching a previously contaminated surface & transfer to mouth, eyes, nose or open skin

Exposure Control Plan Designed to minimize occupational exposure to BBP l Identifies employees covered in plan: l – First aid responders – Cleanup personnel Specific measures to minimize risk l Procedures to follow if there is an Exposure Incident l

Universal Precautions l l l We are not able to tell for sure which people carry BBP; both HIV & HBV infect people of all ages, socio-economic classes, state, rural areas & cities BBP carried with no visible symptoms Many people carry infections without even knowing it

Reducing Your Risk l Engineering Controls – specially marked bags & labels – designated infectious waste bins – sharps containers l Work Practice Controls – good hand-washing – personal hygiene – no eating/drinking/applying blood contaminated areas cosmetics in

Needle Capping l How to Cap a Needle: – NO two hands – NO hand-mouth – YES: ONE HANDED METHOD – YES: Self Sheathing – YES: No cap at all, straight to Sharps Container

Sharps Containers l “Sharps” are objects that can pierce the skin, like: – – – – needles razor blades scalpels exacta knives pins saw blades glass

Reducing Your Risk [continued] l Personal Protective Equipment – equipment that protects … l l l (mask, eye/face, hand) Clothing Exposure (add overalls/coverall) Main exposure is to hands: Gloves – – l Splash Generation disposable free of flaws (inspect) correct fit & size hypoallergenic, if necessary Accessible

Spill Response Use Personal Protective Equipment l Utilize Body Fluid Cleanup Kits l Properly Dispose of Infectious Waste in Approved Containers and Bags l Carry Emergency Response Equipment to remote locations - accessible l Tuberculocidal Disinfectants-Hepi-Quat l

Infectious Material l PUT IT IN A RED BIOHAZRD BAG IF: – – l Drippable Squeezable Pourable Saturated WHERE DOES IT GO FROM HERE?

Conclusion l l l l l Bloodborne Diseases Transmission of BBP Protect yourself from transmission Follow Universal Precautions Have PPE Accessible & use it Properly dispose & cleanup blood/OPIMs Evaluate all Exposure Good Handwashing Report all Exposure Incidents