Presentation Structure GNSS Based Positioning Tape TotalStation Laser

Presentation Structure GNSS Based Positioning Tape & Total-Station Laser scanner 2 RFID positioning Terrestrial Photogrammetry (camera) Conclusion 2

GNSS Based Positioning GNSS positioning in open sky area can achieve cm level of accuracy. RTK: Base and Rover (10 -15 kms) Corrections: Ion, Tropo, Satellite ephemeris, etc. Ambiguity fix? 3 3

GNSS Based Positioning GNSS positioning in open sky area can achieve cm level of accuracy. RTK: Base and Rover (10 -15 kms) Corrections: Ion, Tropo, Satellite ephemeris, etc. Ambiguity Fix. 4 4

GNSS Based Positioning Network RTK: up to 60 kms between reference stations. VRS: Virtual Reference Station MAX: Master Auxiliary Correction i. MAX: introduced by Leica 5 FKP: Flachen-Korrektur-Parameter Nearest: similar to Base & Rover Source: A research on the effect of different measuring configurations in Network RTK 5 applications

GNSS Based Positioning One of the main errors: Multipath error: ﺧﻄﺄ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ 6 6

GNSS Based Positioning Nearly Open Sky Area 7 7

GNSS Based Positioning Trees 8 8

GNSS Based Positioning Trees 9 9

GNSS Based Positioning Tall Buildings 10 10

Solutions Tape & Total Station 11 11

Solutions Tape & Total Station 12 12

Solutions Laser Scanner 13 13

Solutions RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) 14 14

Solutions Terrestrial Photogrammetry (SLAM) 15 15

Conclusion Need other systems to support GNSS based positioning in difficult environment. 16 16

17 Thank you 17