Presentation Slides to Accompany Organizational Behavior Don Hellriegel

Presentation Slides to Accompany Organizational Behavior Don Hellriegel and John W. Slocum, Jr. Chapter 12—Fostering Interpersonal Communication Prepared by Michael K. Mc. Cuddy Valparaiso University 10 th Edition

Learning Objectives for Fostering Interpersonal Communication v Describe the basic elements of interpersonal communication v Discuss how interpersonal communication network affect relationships among employees v Explain the fabric of abilities that foster dialogue v Describe how nonverbal communication affects dialogue Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 198

Elements of Interpersonal Communication Sender Receiver Transmitters Channels Receptors Decoding Encoding • Interpersonal Start Barriers Meaning • Cultural Barriers Encoding Decoding Receptors Channels Transmitters Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 199

Examples of Media Richness Fast Face-to-face dialogue * Videoconference * Speed of Personalized Feedback Telephone conversation * * Voice mail * E-mail * Informal letters/memos * Organization’s own videos * Organization’s Web site * Formal written documents Slow * Formal numerical documents Single Cues and Language Multiple Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 200

Personality Barriers in Interpersonal Communication v Low adjustment v Low sociability v Low conscientiousness v Low agreeableness v Low intellectual openness v Introversion Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 201

Perceptual Barriers in Interpersonal Communication v Perceptual defense v Stereotyping v Halo effect v Projection v High expectancy effects v Fundamental v Self-serving attribution error bias Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 202

Direct Barriers in Interpersonal Communication v. Noise v. Semantics v. Language v. Lying routines and distortion Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 203

Cultural Barriers in Interpersonal Communication v Cultural Context v. High-context culture v. Low-context culture v Body Language v Ethnocentrism Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 204

High Context German Swiss Scandinavian North American English Italian Spanish Greek Arab Vietnamese Japanese Korean Chinese Examples of Cultures on the Cultural Context Continuum Low Context Source: Based on Hall, E. Understanding Cultural Differences. Yarmouth, ME. : Intercultural Press, 1989; Munter, M. Guide to Managerial Communication: Effective Business writing and Speaking, 5 th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall, 1999. Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 205

Five Alternative Communication Networks for a Five-Person Team v Star v. Y network v Chain network v Circle network v All-channel network Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 206

Effects of Five Communication Networks TYPE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK FACTOR STAR Y CHAIN CIRCLE ALLCHANNEL Degree of centralization Very high High Moderate Low Very low Leadership predictability Very high High Moderate Low Very low Low Moderate High Range in individual member satisfaction High Moderate Low Very low Average group satisfaction Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 207

Elements in Communication Openness Closed Guarded Defensive Low Hidden Concealed Message Transmission Is Linked to: TRUST AGENDAS GOALS Open Candid Supportive High Shared Revealed Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 208

Contextual Factors in Communication Openness v History of the relationship will affect trust and risk taking v Guarded interpersonal communication is understandable and rational: v. In adversarial relationships but not in supportive relationships v. When someone else has control over your fate Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 209

Principles of Constructive Feedback for Fostering Dialogue v Establish trust between sender and receiver v Make feedback specific rather than general v Give feedback when receiver is ready to accept it v Check validity of feedback with receiver v Provide feedback on behaviors the receiver can change v Don’t overwhelm receiver with feedback Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 210

Guidelines for Effective Active Listening v Have a purpose for listening v Suspend judgment, at least initially v Resist distractions and focus on the sender v Pause before responding to the sender v Rephrase v Seek v Use the sender’s message out important themes the differential between rates of speech and though to reflect and search for meaning Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 211

Basic Types of Nonverbal Cues TYPE OF CUE EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLES Body motion Gestures, facial expressions, eye behavior, etc. Personal physical characteristics Body shape, posture, body or breath odors, hair color, skin color, etc. Paralanguage Voice qualities, speech habits, laughing, etc. Use of space Ways people use and perceive space Physical environment Building and room design, furnishings, etc. Time Use of time, relationship of time and status, etc. Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication 212