Presentation is prepared by Elena V Fedorova 1

Presentation is prepared by Elena V. Fedorova 1

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Basic Information n n n Area: 165, 900 sq. km (63, 772 sq. miles) Total length of the Province's borders: over 3, 000 km (1, 860 miles), including 1350 km (837 miles) of the sea borders The highest peak: Anik Mountain (1, 933 m - 6, 340 feet) Railroad length: 1, 628 km (1, 009 miles) (of which 345 km (214 miles) are electrified) Average annual temperature: -10°C (14°F) in the North of the Province, +5°C (41°F) on the Southern Coast Average Annual Precipitation: 720 mm. 5

Basic Information (contd. ) n n n Administrative Center: Vladivostok Governor: Sergei Darkin Population: 700, 000 Average life duration: 62. 5 years, male - 56. 8, female - 69. 4 Largest Cities: Vladivostok (660, 000), Nakhodka (192, 000), Ussuriysk (162, 000), Artyom (115, 000) 6

NATURAL BEAUTY 7

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BRIEF HISTORY: PRIMORSKY KRAI 12

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FAMOUS PEOPLE n Vladimir Arseniev n Nikolai Muravyov n Yul Brynner n Alexander Fadeyev n Ilya Lagutenko n Fyodor Konyukhov 15

THE RUSSIAN PACIFIC NAVAL FLEET NAVY FLEET 16

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THE CENTRAL SIKHOTE-ALIN 20

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ALONG THE COAST 22

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SOUTHERN PRIMORSKY KRAI 26

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REGIONAL MAP & CLIMATE 28

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CLIMATE 30

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BRIEF OVERVIEW OF MAIN INDUSTRIES 36

THE PORT 37

FISHING 38

TIMBER 39

COAL 40

TRADITIONAL COSTUMES 41

Small ethnic groups in Primorsky Krai (colonized by Russians in 19 th century) n Nanaitsy - live in Khabarovsky Krai, Sakhalin and n Tazy - have Chinese roots n Udegeitsy - live in Khabarovsky Krai China; 42

n n Tazy - formed in 1880 s, from intermarriages between Udegeitsy, Nanaitsy and Chinese. Speak Chinese with some words from Udegeitsy and Nanaitsy languages. 43

n n n Udegeitsy live especially in Pozharsky region of Primorsky Krai. Only 4 percents speak their own language fluently, and no written version is used. They are, by tradition, hunters and fishermen and they used to have shamanism. 44

TRADITIONAL COSTUMES 45

RELIGION 46

RELIGION n n 199 religious organizations (2000) 21 confessions 47

In order of number of groups registered with Ministry of Justice in 1999: Russian Orthodox (61), Presbyterian (30), Evangelical Christian (21), Evangelical Christian Pyatidesyatniki (18), Jehovah's Witnesses (12), Methodists (8), Seventh Day Adventists (7), Evangelical Christian Baptists (6), Buddhists (6), Roman Catholics (5), Russian Orthodox Old Believers (5), Hare Krishna (4), slam (3), Evangelical Lutherans (3), Judaism (2), Mormons (2), Armenian (1) 48

FOOD 49

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SOME RECIPES 51

Cabbage Soup (BORSCH) Traditional Russian soup Ingredients: Cabbage 3/4 of the head Carrot 1 Potatoes 3 Beetroot 1 Tomato 2 Tomato paste 2 tbl. spoon Fresh sweet peppers 1/2 Meat (pork or beef) 400 -500 gram Lard 50 gram Onion 1 head Garlic 3 gloves Dill or parsley Sour cream or mayonnaise Bay leaf 2 leaves 52

Instruction · - - - Cut the meat into small square pieces (1 centimetre in diameter each) and put the meat into a large cooking pot with boiling water (approximately 3 litres of water). Peel medium sized potato and place it uncut into the pot with the meat. Boil all ingredients for about 40 minutes on a medium heat or gas mark 4. Chop the cabbage and cut the beetroot into square pieces (similar in size to the meat). Then place them in the pot Cut 2 medium sized potatoes into similar pieces like the meat and put them into the pot 10 minutes after you start to cook the cabbage and beetroot. Cut half of the medium sized sweet pepper and place it in the pot five minutes after the potatoes. Cut 3 tomatoes and mix them into the cooking pot also. Meanwhile grate one medium carrot. Cut several gloves of garlic into small shards and fry whilst constantly stirring with olive oil in a frying- pan. When the carrot and garlic are well fried and soft, then add 2 spoons of tomato paste and continue fry mixing them together for 1 minute. Than pour all of this mixture to the cooking pot with meat and other ingredients 53

Instruction (Contd. ) - - - Take out the uncut potato that was placed in the pot at the very beginning. Mash it thoroughly and then return it to the pot as it gives a special taste and thickness. Chop the onion and fry it with oil until it is golden in colour. Put the onion to the pot with the soup. Turn off the heat. Be careful to let the borsch stand. Put the bay leaf and ground black pepper into the pot and leave the borsch standing for a further 5 minutes. Serve hot with chopped dill or parsley with 1 -2 tbl. spoon of sour cream or mayonnaise per serving. NB You should add salt to the soup when it is being cooked according to your own taste 54

Russian pancakes (Bliney) For 4 portions: 800 gram of flour 800 milligram of warm milk 4 eggs 50 gram of butter 1 tablespoon of salt 1 teaspoon of sugar 20 gram of yeast 55

Instruction - Dissolve yeast in 600 milligrams of warm milk, and then pour this mixture into the bowl with flour. - Knead dough and put it into a warm place to let it rise. - Separate the egg whites and the yolks. - Mix the yolks with the remaining 200 milligrams of milk with the melted butter then add salt and sugar. - Pour the mixture into the dough, properly mix and put into warm place to let it rise. - Beat up the egg whites and add to the dough just before cooking. - Fry pancakes in a well-oiled frying pan. - Then eat and enjoy with Smetana (sour cream) or with honey. 56

Traditional Russian salad (Olivier) Ingredients: Eggs Carrots Ham Green peas Onion Potato Mayonnaise Salt Cucumber 57

Instruction - Boil the carrots, eggs and potatoes then let them cool. Cut ham, hard boiled eggs, potatoes, carrots, cucumbers into small pieces (1 centimetre in diameter each) - Chop the onion - Put all ingredients into a bowl then add green peas, salt and mayonnaise. - 58

Limonnik berries You can put a few berries into a teapot of boiling water and leave to stand - you get a pink drink, tasting and smelling a bit spicy. 59

Kvas (Russian traditional drink) with Limonnik. 1 kg of rye crackers, 500 g sugar, 50 g currants, 25 g yeast, 1 table spoon of dried mint, 10 -12 black currant leaves, a pinch of cinnamon, 50 g limonnik berries. Instruction Dry the crackers in the oven, then put into a large enamel pan, pour boiling water over them and leave to stand for 10 -12 hours. Place the mint and black currant leaves in two separate cups of boiling water to make a kind of tea. Strain the crackers mixture through two layers of muslin, and add the black currant leaf tea, sugar and yeast. Mix it all well and leave to ferment at room temperature for 5 -6 hours. When the kvas begins to foam, skim the foam off, and strain again, and then pour into bottles, and add the mint tea. Add several limonnik berries to each bottle and cork well. If you drink half a glass of this kvas every morning, it will have a good tonic effect. 60

Varenye (a kind of a jam) from zhimolost berries. 1 kg of zhimolost berries (freshly picked and not too ripe), 1 kg sugar, 1 glass of water, 2 g citric acid crystals Instruction Make hot syrup from boiling water and sugar, and pour over the berries, and leave for 4 hours. When the berries absorb all the syrup, boil for 5 minutes, and then leave again for 5 -8 hours. Then add citric acid to avoid crystallizing, and boil to the right consistency (the berries should not float to the top). 61

Salted ferns. Use 4 kg of salt to 10 g of fern shoots. Salt the bottom of a barrel, then put in a layer of ferns, then a layer of salt, in turn. Put a layer of salt at the top and put a weight on top. In 3 weeks, prepare a salt solution with 1 -1. 5 kg of salt to 10 liters of water. Pour out the old liquid, and pour in new salt solution. Leave for another 3 weeks. Before using the fern in salads, soak in water, and then bring the water to the boil. 62

Banyas 63

One of the greatest Russian traditions is the banya (equivalent to sauna). You can enjoy different type of banya: public or private one. Public banyas are equipped with separate rooms and pools for each sex. Private banyas can be rented for a small group of friends. To enjoy it you have to follow some simple rules: sit naked in the sauna until you sweat, go out and jump into the cold water or take a cold shower. This is only the beginning!!! After two or three of these cycles, take the wet branches you'll find in the sauna and start hitting yourself in order to bring blood to the surface of your skin. You can also put a mix of honey and salt all on your body in order to stimulate your circulation and leave your skin sweet. Don' forget to drink water or tea and avoid alcohol!! 64

SPORTS 65

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DID YOU KNOW? 68

· Yul Brynner, the star of films 'The King and I' and 'The Magnificent Seven' was born in Vladivostok, and his family house is still standing. · Primorsky Krai is home to the endangered Siberian Tiger and Far East Leopard. There are believed to be only around 30 leopards left in the wild and fewer than 400 tigers. · Vladivostok has the only funicular railway in Russia, climbing to a panoramic viewpoint over the city. · Russia's largest bird, the Black Vulture, with a wingspan of 2. 8 metres, can be seen in the south of Primorsky Krai · US President Gerald Ford met Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev at a summit in Vladivostok in 1974 69

· Vladivostok is the terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railroad, 9289 km from Moscow · Soviet dissident writer Alexander Solzhenitysn first stepped onto Russian soil in Vladivostok in 1994 after 20 years of exile · Primorky Krai is believed to have reserves of more than 2 billion tons of coal · A popular Russian rock band, Mumy Troll, comes from Vladivostok, and one of their hits is called 'Vladivostok 2000' · You can tour a Second World War submarine on Vladivostok harbor, now used as a museum 70

These people visited Vladivostok n n n n 1867 - a Russian traveler, Nikolay Przhevalsky. 1879 - Crown Prince, Henry Prussian. 1890 - a writer, Anton Chekhov. 1891 - a future Russian Emperor, Nikolay II. 1906 - a future General, Karbyshev. 1906 - a polar explorer, Georgy Sedov. 1907 - a future 27 th President of the USA, William Taft. 1913 - a polar explorer, Fritioff Nansen. 1916 - a poet, Konstantin Balmont. 1945 - a writer, Konstantin Simonov. 1964 - "#2 cosmonaut", German Titov. 1970 - President of Czechoslovakia, Lyudvig Sloboda. 1970 - the First Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party, Todor Zhivkov. 1971 - an actor and singer, Vladimir Vysotsky. 71 1974 - President of the USA, Gerald Ford.