Presentation By Smt R Nirupama M sc B

Presentation By Smt. R. Nirupama, M. sc, B. Ed, (Ph. D. ) Lecturer in Zoology II Sem, Animal Diversity of Chordates D. K. Govt. College (A) For Women Nellore

Where are the Young ones ?

How does the young ones learn movements How the young ones escape from predators ?

How does the young ones take food ? How does the young ones escape from predators

What do you understand about those pictures ? Is it necessary to the young ones ? Let us discuss about the Topic “Parental care in Amphibians ”

v Objectives of the Topic v What is parental care v Why Amphibians need Parental care v Methods of parental care in Amphibians

WHAT IS PARENTALCARE “The nursing of eggs and embryos by the parents is called Parental care. It is well developed in Amphibians”

WHY AMPHIBIANS NEED PARENTALCARE “Amphibians show several mechanisms to protect their eggs and developing young ones because they lay eggs in water and exposed to various bangers”

METHODS OF NURSING Amphibians protect the eggs and early developmental stages in 2 ways. 1) Direct Nursing. 2) They construct nests Direct Nursing The female Icthyophis glutinosa protects their eggs by coiling herself around the gelatinous egg mass in the burrow.

Direct Nursing The female Icthyophis glutinosa protects their eggs by coiling herself around the gelatinous egg mass in the burrow.

Amphiuma, (Congoeel) The mother will protect the eggs in underground burrows and kept a fierce watch from the attack of burrowing animals.

Rhinoderma darwini It holds the eggs in vocal sacs until they hatched.

Desmognathus fucus v It’s a “Tailed amphibian” v The male shows parental care v It carries the eggs around the neck in the form of a string.

Alytes ( Mid wife toad ) Male take responsibility of their young ones. It carries the eggs on the back of the thigh.

Pipa pipa Female frog take responsibility. It attaches the egss on the dorsal side into a small pockets.

Protection by Nests : The parents construct a nest to protect their eggs There are 4 types a. Mud Nests b. Tree Nests c. Foam Nests d. Gelatinous bags

Hyla faber Female makes the nest in the mud of the shallow water. After two days it lays eggs.

Tree Nests Phyllomedusa deposits the eggs in the leaf nests so it folds the morgins of the leaves to form a bag like structure and lay eggs.

Chiromantis The female deposits the eggs on the foamy mass on various kinds of trees

Hyla resinfictrix Female collect the string less Bee wax and applies it on the inner surface of the shallow cavity of Leaf and lay eggs.

Foam Nest Rhacofhorus schlegeli (Japanese tree frog) It digs a hole and lay eggs and form a foam on that.

Task For u

1. In how many ways does amphibians protect their young ones ? 2. Why does amphibians shows parental care ? 3. How does “Pipa pipa” Protect their young ones? 4. Eg. for limbless Amphibian ? 5. Another name of Rhacophorus schlegeli ?

Can you guess the names of these Frogs ?