Present Tenses Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect

Present Tenses Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Continuous

1. I’m learning Chinese. 2. You’ve walked across the Amazon jungle. 3. It has meant that I can finance my next expedition. 4. My mum and dad always watch my documentaries. 5. My agent is waiting for me. 6. I’ve always loved travelling. 7. I don’t like going with groups. 8. We have been learning Eglish for an hour.

Answers 1. I’m learning Chinese. – Present Continuous 2. You’ve walked across the Amazon jungle. – Present Perfect 3. It has meant that I can finance my next expedition. – Present Perfect 4. My mum and dad always watch my documentaries. – Present Simple 5. My agent is waiting for me. – Present Continuous 6. I’ve always loved travelling. – Present Perfect 7. I don’t like going with groups. - Present Simple 8. We have been learning English for an hour. Present Perfect Continuous

Present Simple • I study in Osijek. • You study in Osijek. • He/She/It studies in Osijek. • We study in Osijek. • You study in Osijek. • They study in Osijek.

Present Simple - questions • Do I study in Osijek? • Do we study in Osijek? • Do you study in Osijek? • Does he/she/it study in Osijek? • Do they study in Osijek?

Present Simple - negative • I don’t study in Osijek. • You don’t study in Osijek. • He/she /it doesn’t study in Osijek. • We don’t study in Osijek. • You don’t study in Osijek. • They don’t study in Osijek.

We use the Present Simple to talk about: Activities that we repeat regularly (routines, habits). My mum and dad always watch my documentaries. Permanent situations and states. I don’t like cheese. General truths A doctor works in a hospital. Common time adverbials: always, often, usually, sometimes, nevery day, every week, every year. . . twice a week, once a month regularly, seldom, hardly ever, occasionally

Spelling • Y is lost in verbs ending in consonant +y: fly – flies study – studies • We use –es with verbs ending in -s, -z, -sh, -ch, -s, -x: watches, teaches, washes, fixes. . . • -es where you wouldn’t normally expect it does goes

Present Continuous • I am watching TV. • You are watching TV. • He/she/it is watching TV. • We are watching TV. • You are watching TV. • They are watching TV.

Present Continuous - questions • Am I watching TV? • Are you watching TV? • Is he/she/it watching TV? • Are we watching TV? • Are you watching TV? • Are they watching TV?

Present Continuous - negative • I am not watching TV. • You are not watching TV. • He/she/it is not watching TV. • We are not watching TV. • You are not watching TV. • They are not watching TV.

We use the Present Continuous to talk about: Activities that are going on at the time of speaking. Right now, I am giving a lecture and you are listening. Activities that happen regularly but only for a limited period of time (temporary routines and habits). I’m studying English a lot these days because we are having a test next week. Common time adverbials: now, at the moment, at present, these days

Spelling • Verbs ending in –e lose the final -e when –ing is added. phone – phoning make – making change – changing Short verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant double the last consonant. sit – sitting cut – cutting swim – swimming • Verbs ending in –ie: lie – lying • tie – tying

Present Perfect: have/has +3 rd column • I have done the homework. • You have done the homework. • He/she/it has done the homework. • We have done the homework. • You have done the homework. • They have done the homework.

Present Perfect - Questions • Have I done the homework? • Have you done the homework? • Has he/she/it done the homework? • Have we done the homework? • Have you done the homework? • Have they done the homework?

Present Perfect - negative • I have not done the homework. • You have not done the homework. • He/she/it has not done the homework. • We have not done the homework. • You have not done the homework. • They have not done the homework.

We use the Present Perfect to talk about: Past events and activities with results or consequences in the present. I’ve lost my keys and now I can’t open the door. An action in the past when we don’t know or are not interested in when it happened. (to talk about experience) I’ve been to China. Things that started in the past and continue up till now. I’ve always wanted to travel. Common time adverbials: never, since, for, already, yet, all my life, always

The use and meanings of time adverbials already and yet We use already in statements and yet in questions and negative sentences. I’ve already seen that film. I haven’t finished yet. since and for Since tells us about a point in time when the activity began. We’ve been friends since 2003. For tells us about the period of time that the activity has taken. We’ve been friends for five years.

Present Perfect Continuous • Have/has been –ing is the present perfect continuous: I/we/they/you have (= I’ve, etc. ) he/she/it has (= he’s, etc. ) been doing, waiting, playing, etc.

Present Perfect: have/has+been+VERB+ing • I have been sitting • We have been sitting in the classroom. • You have been sitting in the classroom. • They have been • He/she/it has been sitting in the classroom.

Present Perfect Continuous - Questions • Have I been sitting in the classroom? • Have you been sitting in the classroom? • Has he/she/it been sitting in the classroom? • Have we been sitting in the classroom? • Have you been sitting in the classroom? • Have they been sitting in the classroom?

Present Perfect Continuous - negative • I have not been sitting in the classroom. • You have not been sitting in the classroom. • He/she/it has not been sitting in the classroom. • We have not been sitting in the classroom. • You have not been sitting in the classroom. • They have not been sitting in the classroom.

Present perfect continuous • The present continuous describes what a person is doing. • The present perfect continuous tells how long a person has been doing that action. Ex. Katie is delivering mail. She has been delivering mail for two hours. She has been working for the post office since 1997.

Present perfect continuous • The present perfect continuous talks about an action that started in the past and continues in the present. The action is not yet complete. It tells how long the action has been in progress. He has been washing windows since 8: 00. They have been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes

Present perfect continuous I You have We since 8: 00. They been working for two hours. He She has It

Since & For You can use the present perfect continuous for actions that are repeated over a period of time: • Debbie is a very good tennis player. She’s been playing since she was eight. • Every morning they meet in the same café. They’ve been going there for years.

For and since • For shows an amount of time. for three hours for ten days • Since tells when an action started since 2: 00 since he came to the United States

For and since For shows an amount of time: Since tells when an action started: for a few minutes since 2: 00 for three weeks since 1998 for two years since Sunday since she began her new job

I am doing vs. I have been doing • Compare I am doing and I have been doing: ∣ I am doing present continuous ↓ Now ∣ I have been doing present perfect continuous ↓ now n Don’t bother me now. I’m working. n I’ve been working hard, so now I’m going to take a break. n We need an umbrella. It’s raining. n The ground is wet. It’s been raining. n Hurry up! We’re waiting. n We’ve been waiting for an hour.

How long questions How long has she been looking for a job? How long have they been living in the city?

How long have you (been)…? • We use the present perfect (especially with how long, for, and since) to talk about something that began in the past and still continues now. Compare the present and the present perfect: – but We know each other very well. We’ve known each other since we were in high school. (not We know) Do you have a pain in your stomach? How long have you had the pain? (not How long do you have) I’m learning English. I’ve been learning English for six months. (not I am learning) He’s waiting for somebody. He’s been waiting all morning.

How long have you (been)…? • I have known/had/lived, etc. , is the present perfect simple. • I have been learning/been waiting/been doing, etc. , is the present perfect continuous.

But some verbs (for example, know/like/believe) are not normally used in the continuous: • How long have you known Jane? (not have you been knowing) You can use either the present perfect continuous or present perfect simple with live and work: • John has been living / has lived in Denver for a long time. • How long have you been working / have you worked here? But we use the simple (I’ve done / I’ve lived, etc. ) with always: • John has always lived in Denver. (not has always been living) We use the present perfect simple in negative sentences like these: • I haven’t seen Tom since Monday. (= Monday was the last time I saw him) • Jane hasn’t called me for two weeks. (= the last time she called was two weeks ago)

Revision Give a wider context for each of the sentences below. • • I write emails. I’m writing an email. I’ve written an email. I’ve been writing an email. Now choose a verb and write similar examples of your own.

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