Present Tenses Present Simple Indefinite Daily routines We

Present Tenses

Present Simple (Indefinite) настоящее простое (неопределенное) • Daily routines (повседневные, регулярные действия) We take a lunch break at 1: 30 in the afternoon. • Repeated actions (повторяющиеся действия) She goes to the gym every Wednesday. • Habits (привычки) He always takes the train to work. • Reviews, sports commentaries, dramatic narrative (обзоры, спортивные комментарии, рассказы) Meryl Streep acts beautifully in this film. • Timetables, programmes (future meaning) (расписания, программы в том числе в значении запланированного будущего) The play starts at 8: 00

Present Simple (Indefinite) настоящее простое (неопределенное) • Exclamatory sentences (восклицания) Here comes Elaine. • Permanent states (последовательные действия в настоящем) He teaches Law at the university.

Present Simple (Indefinite) настоящее простое (неопределенное) + I work at the plant every weekday. - I do not (don’t) work at school. ? Do I work at the plant? – Yes, I do. Do I work at school? – No, I don’t. Do I work at school or at the plant? I work at the plant, don’t I? I don’t work at school, do I? Where do I work? When do I work at the plant? What do I do at the plant? --------------Who works at the plant? + He works at school every weekday. - He does not (doesn’t) work at the plant. ? Does he work at school? – Yes, he does. Does he work at the plant? – No, he doesn’t. Does he work at school or at the plant? He works at school, doesn’t he? He doesn’t work at the plant, does he? Where does he work? When does he work at the plant? What does he do at the plant? --------------Who works at the plant?

Present Continuous (Progressive) Настоящее длительное • Actions happening now (действие, происходящее в момент речи) I’m talking to Mary. Could you wait a little? • Actions happening around the time of speaking (действия, происходящее в настоящее время (носит временный характер) We are painting the kitchen today. • Fixed arrangements in the near future (заранее запланированное действие в ближайшем будущем) I am leaving tonight. They are getting married in June.

Present Continuous (Progressive) Настоящее длительное • Changing and developing situations (процесс, который происходит постоянно) The Earth is always moving. • Temporary situations (временные ситуации) She is living with her grandparents at the moment. • Frequently repeated actions with always expressing annoyance (выражает отрицательное отношение к действию, происходящему постоянно, регулярно) You are always losing the keys!

Present Continuous (Progressive) Настоящее длительное • • • Verbs not used in the continuous which denoting sense (чувства) - to see, to hear; mental activity (умственная деятельность)- to know, to believe, to think (=have an opinion), to guess, to imagine, to mean, to realize, to recognize, to remember, to suppose, to understand; wish (желание) - to want, to wish; emotions (эмоции) - to love, to like, to dislike, to hate, to prefer; some other verbs (другие глаголы) - to be, to have, to contain, to depend, to belong, to concern, to consist of, to deserve, to fit, to include, to involve, to lack, to matter, to need, to owe, to own, to possess, to appear, to resemble, to seem;

Present Continuous (Progressive) Настоящее длительное I – am + V-ing She, it – is We You They are + V-ing now, today, at present, at this moment/ time, this week, still, from …till …, while

Present Continuous (Progressive) Настоящее длительное + He is working in the garden now. - He is not playing football now. ? Is he working in the garden now? Yes, he is. Is he working in the garden or playing football now? He is working in the garden now, isn’t he? He is not playing football now, is he? Where is he working now? What is he doing now? Who is working in the garden now? + They are playing football now. - They are not working in the garden now. ? Are they playing football now? Yes, they are. Are they playing football or working in the garden now? They are playing football now, aren’t they? They aren’t working in the garden, are they? Where are they playing football now? What are they playing now? Who is playing football now?

Present Perfect Настоящее завершенное • Actions which started in the past and continue up to the present (действия которые начались в прошлом и продолжаются до сих пор) He has worked as a salesman for two years. • Past action which has a visible result in the present (прошедшее действие которое имеет результат в настоящем) Look at Tom. He’s sad because he has failed his exam. • Actions which happened at an unstated time in the past, action is more important than the time (действия которые произошли в неопределённое время в прошлом, действие важнее, чем время) He has talked to Maria.

Present Perfect Настоящее завершенное • with “today”, “this morning, afternoon, week”, “so far” when these periods of time are not finished at the time of speaking (со словами …. Когда эти периоды не заканчиваются к моменту речи) He has drunk two cups of coffee today. (It’s still the same day. ) • recently completed action (недавно завершившееся действие) She has done the shopping. • personal experiences, changes which have happened (личный опыт, изменения, котрые произошли) She has cut her hair short recently.

Present Perfect Настоящее завершенное • To put emphasis on a number (чтобы особо подчеркнуть количество) She has been to the gym seven times this week.

Present Perfect Настоящее завершенное have/ has + V-ed/ V 3 already, just, ever, yet, never, recently, lately, by 5 o’clock…

Present Perfect Настоящее завершенное + We have already written the test. - We haven’t done the exercises yet. ? Have we written the test yet? -Yes, we have. Have we done the exercises yet? -No, we haven’t. Have we written the test or done the exercises? We have already written the test, haven’t we? We haven’t done the exercises, have we? What have we already written? What have we already done? Who has already written the test? + He has just done his homework. - He hasn’t written the letter yet. ? Has he done his homework yet? -Yes, he has. Has he written the letter yet? -No, he hasn’t. Has he done his homework or written the letter? He has done his homework, hasn’t he? He hasn’t written the letter, has he? What has he just done? What has he just written? Who has just done the homework?

Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Настоящее завершенное длительное • To put emphasis on the duration of an action which started in the past and continues up to the present (особо подчёркивается процесс действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается в настоящем) He has been rearranging the living room since Friday. • An action which started in the past and lasted for some time. It has a visible result in the present. She’s happy because she’s been listening to her favourite CD all day.

Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Настоящее завершенное длительное • To express anger, irritation or annoyance (выражение злости или раздражения) She has been using my computer without asking me. • Repeated actions in the past continuing to the present (повторяющиеся действия в прошлом продолжающиеся до настоящего момента) He has put on weight because he’s been eating junk food every day since last month.

Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Настоящее завершенное длительное I, we You, they She, it have been + V-ing has I have been reading. We haven’t been reading. Has he been reading?

Gone to been in • She has gone to work. (She’s on her way to work or she’s there now. She hasn’t come back yet. ) • He has been to London. (He has visited London but he isn’t there now. He has come back. ) • They have been in Sochi for eight months. (They are in Sochi now. )