Present Tenses by Gonzalo Orozco Present Simple Estructura

Present Tenses by Gonzalo Orozco

Present Simple � Estructura afirmativa I / you / we / they play he / she / it plays negativa I /you / we / they DON’T (do +not) play he / she / it DOESN’T (does play interrogativa +not) DO I / you / we / they play? DOES he / she / it play? Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Present Simple � Reglas ortográficas la mayoría de los verbos live play +s lives plays acabados en -o, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x go teach push goes teaches pushes acabados en consonante + y fly study + es + ies flies studies Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Present Simple � Usos � Acciones habituales o rutinas � We never go to the cinema. � Hechos generales o científicos � Facebook is a popular website. � Verbos “de estado” � Greg wants an i. Pod. � Horarios y programas � Our flight leaves at 11. 30. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Verbos “de estado” � Son verbos que nunca se utilizan en forma continua. � Los más frecuentes son: � Verbos que expresan pensamientos y opiniones � know, understand, remember, believe, forget, think (= believe) Sorry Miss, but I don’t understand this exercise. � Verbos que expresan gustos y preferencias � like, love, prefer, hate, dislike She loves classical music. � Verbos que expresan estado o posesión � be, have got, own I’m not very happy today. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Verbos “de estado” � Algunos de estos verbos se pueden usar con el presente continuo, pero entonces tienen otro significado y expresan una actividad y no un estado. � They have a nice house. � Dave is having a shower. �I see what you mean. � I’m seeing Helen tonight. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Present Continuous � Estructura afirmativa 1 am you / we / they are he / she / it is v + ING negativa 1 am not you / we / they aren’t he / she / it isn’t v + ING interrogativa Am I Are you / we / they Is he / she / it Gonzalo. Orozco 2011 v + ING ?

Present Continuous � Reglas ortográficas. la mayoría de los verbos + ing acabados en -e e + ing pay sing hide come paying singing acabados en -ie ie + ying die lie dying lying hiding coming duplican la consonante final La consonante final se duplica si delante hay una vocal tónica. forget stop travel* Gonzalo. Orozco 2011 forgetting stopping travelling

Present Continuous � Usos � expresar lo que está pasando en el momento en el que se está hablando Right now, I’m explaining some grammar to you. � expresar acciones prolongadas que están ocurriendo en un presente más amplio I’m reading a fantastic book called ‘High Fidelity’. � expresar acciones transitorias o temporales No 21 bus usually stops here but today it’s stopping in the Alameda. � y expresar planes de futuro ya fijados de antemano I’m meeting my exboyfriend tonight. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Simple vs. Continuous Present Simple � Acciones habituales o Present Continuous � rutinas � We never go to the cinema. � � Hechos generales o científicos � Facebook website. Acciones ocurriendo ahora is a popular � Verbos “de estado” � Greg wants an i. Pod. � Horarios y programas � Our flight leaves at 7 o’clock. Acciones ocurriendo en un presente más amplio � I’m reading a fantastic book called ‘High Fidelity’. Acciones temporales � Right now, I’m explaining some grammar to you. No 21 bus usually stops here but today it’s stopping in the Alameda. Planes fijados de antemano I’m meeting my exboyfriend tonight. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Fin de la Primera Parte � Vamos p’al Workbook. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Present Perfect � Estructura afirmativa I / you / we / they have he / she / it has + participio de pasado Emily has bought a lot of new clothes in the sales. They have painted the whole town in blue! Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Present Perfect � Estructura negativa I / you / we / they haven’t he / she / it hasn’t + participio de pasado She hasn’t phoned me this morning. I haven’t seen her new dress. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Present Perfect � Estructura interrogativa Have I / you / we /they Has he / she / it + participio de pasado Have you been to a fashion show? Has she asked you for help? Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Present Perfect � Usos. 1. para hablar de acciones que empezaron en el pasado pero que continúan en el presente. Liz has worked as a designer for several years. I have known Jim since we were kids. Ojo con la traducción. A veces se traduce por un Presente Simple. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Present Perfect � Usos. 2. Para referirse a acciones pasadas que tienen un efecto visible en el presente. q He’s finished his homework, so he can go to the party now. q We have moved house recently. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Present Perfect � Usos. 3. Para describir experiencias del pasado, sin especificar exactamente cuándo se produjeron. q I’ve been to a lot of music festivals. q Joanne has never travelled by plane. Si quieres decir cuándo ocurrieron, tienes que usar el Past Simple. I’ve been to a lot of music festivals. I went to Benicassim last year. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Recuerda � Para hablar de hechos que ya se han completado, utilizamos been (en lugar de gone) como participio de go. Kelly has been to the Glastonbury Music Festival. (ha ido y ha vuelto) Kelly has gone to the Glastonbury Music Festival. (está todavía allí) Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

For y Since �for y since se utilizan con el present perfect para especificar la duración de una acción/estado que comenzó en el pasado y aún no ha acabado. �for y since suelen responder a una pregunta que empiece How long …? How long have you been here? I have been here for two hours. I have been here since 8 o’clock. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

For y Since �for hace hincapié en la duración de una acción/estado. � Se suele traducir por “durante” o “desde hace” I have taught English for nearly 25 years. My family has lived in this castle for centuries. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

For y Since �since especifica el momento en que comenzó dicha acción/estado. � Se suele traducir por “desde” o “desde que” I’ve been awake since half past four this morning. Peter has been my best friend since we were nine. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Recuerda � Las frases con for y since llevan el verbo en present perfect, no en presente simple. Tengo estas botas desde hace dos años. I have had these boots for two years. I have these boots since two years ago. Ya era hora, chata. Llevo aquí desde las siete. It’s about time, love. I have been here since seven o’clock. It’s about time, love. I am here since seven o’clock. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Already y Yet �yet siempre se coloca al final de la frase. Have you seen Tom yet? No, I haven’t seen him yet. �yet se usa en oraciones interrogativas, y se traduce por “ya” Have you tried snowboarding yet? Has Laura arrived yet? �yet también se usa en oraciones negativas, pero se traduce por “aún” o “todavía” No, I haven’t tried it yet. No, she hasn’t arrived yet. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Already y Yet �already siempre va entre have y el participio. She has already left. The match has already started. �already se usa para destacar que una acción ya se ha producido (a menudo, pero no siempre, en contra de lo esperado). You’ve already done your bed! Although he is quite young he has already made his first million dollars. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Recuerda �already y yet se pueden usar con otros tiempos verbales. I don’t want to talk to her yet, after what she did to me. They only split up last week and Kirsten is already looking for a new boyfriend. He told me that he had already finished reading the book. Gonzalo. Orozco 2011

Gonzalo. Orozco 2011