Present Subjunctive Present Subjunctive Indicative Tense vs Subjunctive

Present Subjunctive

Present Subjunctive Indicative Tense vs. Subjunctive Mood • all of the tenses you have learned in your Spanish career are Indicative Tenses (Present, Preterite, Imperfect, Perfect tenses, Future, Conditional). • Indicative tenses express factual, real or definite actions. • Subjunctive Mood expresses the speaker’s attitude towards actions viewed as uncertain or hypothetical

Present Subjunctive Formation of Regular Forms • start with the yo form of the present indicative • Add the “opposite” ending hablar comer vivir hable coma viva hables comas vivas hable coma viva hablemos comamos vivamos hablen coman vivan

Present Subjunctive • verbs that are irregular in the Present Indicative yo form maintain that irregularity throughout all of the conjugations conocer conozcas conozcamos conozcan decir digas digamos digan oír oigas oigamos oigan escoger caber escojas escojamos escojan quepas quepamos quepan

Present Subjunctive Stem-changing verbs • -AR and –ER verbs that stem change in the Present Indicative will have the same stem change in the Present Subjunctive. • Remember there is NO stem change in the nosotros/as forms.

Present Subjunctive Stem-changing verbs pensar pienses piense pensemos piensen *jugar juegues juegue juguemos jueguen resolver resuelvas resuelva resolvamos resuelvan

Present Subjunctive Stem-changing verbs • -IR verbs that stem change in the Present Indicative also stem change in the Present Subjunctive. The stem change DOES occur in the nosotros/as form (e: i, o: u).

Present Subjunctive pedir (e: i) preferir (e: ie) dormir (o: ue) pidas pidamos pidan prefieras prefiera prefiramos prefieran duermas duerma durmamos duerman

Present Subjunctive Spelling Change Verbs • verbs that end in –car, -gar, and –zar have the following spelling changes to maintain preservation of sound: -car -gar -zar c→qu g→gu z→c sacar pagar almorzar yo saque pague almuerce

Present Subjunctive • There are 6 verbs that are irregular in the Present Subjunctive dar estar ir dé esté vaya des estés vayas dé esté vaya demos estemos vayamos den estén vayan

Present Subjunctive haber hayas hayamos hayan saber sepas sepamos sepan ser seas seamos sean

Present Subjunctive When to use the Present Subjunctive Uncertainty Wish, want, will Emotions Impersonal expressions Recommendation, request Doubt Ojalá que

Present Subjunctive • Present Subjunctive is used in the Subordinate (Dependent) clause when UWEIRDO triggers exist in the Main (Independent) clause • The main (independent) clause has a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete sentence. • The subordinate (dependent) clause, although it has a subject and a verb, cannot stand alone as a sentence; it is only a part of a sentence. • The main and subordinate clauses are often connected by the word que or an adverbial conjunction

Present Subjunctive Types of Subordinate (dependent) clauses) • adjective clause: a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind or which one • adverbial clause: a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, adverb or verbal clause. It expresses where, when, how, to what extent, under what condition or why. • noun clause: a subordinate clause that acts like a noun

Present Subjunctive • • Indicative Tense vs. Subjunctive Mood There are 3 moods: Indicative, Imperative and Subjunctive Indicative represents factual statements Imperative is the command form Subjunctive represents doubt, suggestion, uncertainty, possibility, hypothetical events

Present Subjunctive Examples: Los estudiantes quieren (main clause w/triggers) que (conjunction) la maestra no dé mucha tarea. (subordinate clause that describes what the students want) Which UWEIRDO rule applies? Did you notice the change of subject between the main and dependent clauses?

Present Subjunctive Example: El alumno estudia (main clause) cuando (conjunction) llegue a la casa. (subordinate clause expressing doubt) Which UWEIRDO applies? Did you notice the change of subject between the main and dependent clauses?

Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive After Impersonal Expressions • An impersonal expression does not have a person as its subject. The subject is “it” and makes a generalized statement.

Present Subjunctive Common Impersonal Expressions that ALWAYS trigger use of the Subjunctive Es bueno que. . . It’s good that. . . Es importante que. . . It’s important that. . . Es imposible que. . . It’s impossible that. . . Es malo que. . . It’s bad that. . . Es mejor que. . . It’s better that. . . Es necesario que. . . It’s necessary that. . . Es una lástima que. . . It’s a shame that. . . Es urgente que. . . It’s urgent that. . .

Present Subjunctive • Impersonal expressions that indicate fact, truth or certainty trigger use of the indicative tense in the subordinate clause BUT if the expressions are made negative (i. e. add NO before the verb), then the expression indicates doubt/uncertainty and triggers the subjunctive. Es cierto que. . . It is certain that. . . Es evidente que. . . It is evident that. . . Es seguro que. . . It is sure that. . . Es verdad que. . . It is true that. . . No es cierto. . . It is not true that. . . No es evidente que. . . It is not evident that. . . No es seguro que. . . It is not sure that. . . No es verdad que. . . It is not true that. . .