Present Subjunctive Conjugating Present Subjunctive Regular Verbs 1

Present Subjunctive

Conjugating Present Subjunctive- Regular Verbs 1. Conjugate verb in the yo present tense. 2. Chop off the –o. 3. Add opposite endings. -ar pongo hablo pong- habl- -e -es -emos -éis -er/-ir -a -amos -as -áis -e -en -a no hablen no ponga -an

Conjugating Present Subjunctive- Irregular Verbs • Irregular Subjunctive Verbs ir vayamos vayas vayáis vayan dar dé des dé demos deis den ser seamos seas seáis sean saber sepamos sepas sepáis sepan estar estémos estéis estén haber hayamos hayas hayáis hayan

Conjugating Present Subjunctive- Stem Changes • Stem changes in –ar and –er verbs is the same as present indicative. pensar- to think piense pensemos pienses penséis piensen

Conjugating Present Subjunctive- Stem Changes • Stem changes in –ir verbs is the same as present indicative, but also stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms o u and e i. dormir- to sleep duerma durmamos duermas durmáis duerman

Conjugating Present Subjunctive- Spelling Changes • Verbs that end in change to –car –gar –zar -que -gue -ce

Present Subjunctive- Volition • Subjunctive occurs most frequently when you have: an independent clause + que + dependent clause and a subject change.

Present Subjunctive- Volition • If there is no subject change, use the infinitive. ¿Quieres visitar Madrid? Sí, espero ir este año.

Trigger Words- Volition aconsejar que desear que exigir que insistir que ojalá que preferir que recomendar que advise desire demand/require insist I hope prefer recomend

Trigger Words- Volition suplicar que decir que escribir que hacer que mandar que pedir que prohibir que beg/plead tell write make send ask prohibit

Trigger Words- Volition rogar que dejar que esperar que impedir que obligar a que permitir querer que sugerir que beg let hope prevent oblige permit/allow want suggest

Present Subjunctive- Volition 1. Decir and escribir require the subjunctive when used to express a command. 2. Ojalá is always followed by the subjunctive. 3. When used to express an indirect command, the verbs aconsejar, dejar, hacer, mandar, obligar, permitir, and prohibir can be followed by either an infinitive or que and the subjunctive.

Present Subjunctive • Impersonal expressions that trigger subjunctive: es mejor que It’s better that es necesario que It’s necessary that es imprescindible que It’s essential that importa que It’s important that es probable que It’s probable that

Present Subjunctive es imposible que conviene que es menester que es preciso que es importante que más vale que es posible que It’s impossible that It’s convenient/proper It’s necessary that It’s important that It’s better that It’s possible that

Present Subjunctive es bueno que es malo que es lástima que es raro que es fácil que es difícil que It’s good that It’s bad that It’s a shame that It’s rare that It’s easy that It’s difficult/ unlikely that

Present Subjunctive: Sequencing of Tenses Main clause (indicative) present perfect future command Dependent clause (subjunctive) present perfect

Present Subjunctive: Sequencing of Tenses 1. The present subjunctive is used to express what is happening or will happen in constructions that require the subjunctive. 2. The present perfect subjunctive is used to express what has happened or will have happened in constructions that require the subjunctive.