Present Simple S V 1 OC Past Simple

Present Simple S+ (V 1) + O/C Past Simple S + (V 2) + O/C Past Perfect S + had + V 3 + O/C Object = กรรม Complement = สวนเตมเตม V 3 = Past participle I am handsome. I play football at the field.

Let’s go to Subjunctiv e By Adisak Kittivorawit

Subjunctive คอ ?

3 Usages Wish If only Subjunctive As if As though Would rather 3 Usages

1 How to use… Wish

Hope Vs Wish Hope: You don’t know or can’t tell the outcomes. Wish: You know the facts, but they are the opposite of what you want. I hope to see you soon. I wish I could see you soon.

4 Usages Wish + Clause Wish + 2 objects Wish + infinitive

More Past คอ������ ? ���� (Fact) Present Past ������� Past Simple Past Perfect

1. Wish (Clause) = If only Wish 1. 1 Talking about the present. (It hasn’t come true now or might come true in the future. )

1. Wish (Clause) = If only Wish 1. 1 Talking about the present. (It hasn’t come true now or might come true in the future. ) • I wish I were in bed instead of studying Physics. • = I am not in bed. I’m studying Physics. • If only I had someone special beside me. • = I don’t have someone special beside me. • Wish + Past Simple

• Jack fakes a smile to Emily every day, but he doesn’t want to anymore. • Jack wishes _________________. • Jack wishes he didn’t have to fake a smile to Emily. • Rose is forced to read lots of books. She doesn’t want to. • • Rose wishes she __________________. Rose wishes she weren’t forced to read lots of books. Rose wishes she didn’t have to read lots of books. Rose wishes she wouldn’t read lots of books.

1. Wish (Clause) = If only Wish 1. 1 Talking about the present. (Expressing anger at someone’s behavior. ) • I wish he would stop talking. • = He doesn’t stop talking. • I wish I would stop talking. • He wishes he would run fast. Used to complain about people or situations.

• He doesn’t want his girlfriend to wear those silly clothes to the party. • He wishes ______ wouldn’t _________. • He wishes ______ would __________. • He wishes his girlfriend wouldn’t wear those silly clothes again for the party coming. • He wishes his girlfriend would wear smarter clothes for the party coming. • He wishes his girlfriend didn’t wear those silly clothes again for the party coming

• I’m alone. I have no one. I hate that couple hugging and kissing in front of me. • I wish _____________ would ______________. • If only that couple would stop flirting. = • I wish that couple would stop flirting.

1. Wish (Clause) = If only Wish 1. 2 Talking about the past. (Things you regret doing or not doing. )

1. Wish (Clause) = If only Wish 1. 2 Talking about the past. (Things you regret doing or not doing. ) • He wishes he hadn’t been so kind to the thieves last night. • = He was so kind to the thieves. • I only I had roses for my beloved one last Valentine’s Day. • = I didn’t have roses for my beloved one. • Wish + Past Perfect

• Last night, I didn’t do homework. I should have done it. • I wish ___________________________. • If only I had done homework. • I wish I had done homework.

• I had bacon in the morning. I regret not choosing fried rice. • I wish ______________. • If only ______________. • • If only I had had fried rice. I wish I had chosen fried rice. If only I had chosen fried rice.

1. Wish (Clause) = If only Wish 1. 3 Talking about future. (Wish it to happen with little possibility. )

1. Wish (Clause) = If only Wish 1. 3 Talking about future. (Wish it to happen with little possibility. ) • I wish my parents would buy me a car. • = With little possibility, my parents buy me a car. • I wish I could speak Spanish. • = With little possibility, I cannot speak Spanish.

• For next birthday, I want a new guitar but my parents think that it’s too expensive. • I wish ______(would)___________. • If only _______(would)________. • If only my parents would buy me a new guitar. • I wish my parents would buy me a new guitar.

3. Wish (Want) Wish 2 Want to do something. • I wish to pass the exam. • He wishes to buy a pen. Wish = Want • Wish + infinitive with to

2. Wish (Blessing) Wish 1 To give blessings to other people. • We wish you a Merry Christmas. • He wishes you happiness and joy. Wish + Sb + Noun (Phrase)

Wish Practice 1. Sentence: I am sorry that I don't speak Arabic. I wish (that) I spoke Arabic. I wish (that) I could speak Arabic.

Wish Practice 2. I am sorry that I am not somewhere warm and sunny. I wish (that) I was/were somewhere warm and sunny.

Wish Practice 3. I am sorry that he smokes. I wish he didn't smoke. If only he didn’t smoke.

Wish Practice 4. I am sorry he hasn't got a car. I wish he had a car.

Wish Practice 5. I want him to stop chewing gum. (It is annoying you. ) I wish he would stop chewing gum. If only he would stop chewing gum.

Wish Practice 6. I am sorry that I said that. I wish I hadn't said that.

Wish Practice 7. I am sorry I went to bed late last night. I wish I hadn’t gone to bed late last night. I wish I had gone to bed earlier last night.

Wish Practice (Choices) 1. I don't understand this point of grammar I wish I ______ it better. a. understood b. would understand c. had understood

Wish Practice (Choices) 1. I don't understand this point of grammar I wish I ______ it better. a. understood b. would understand c. had understood

Wish Practice (Choices) 2. It never stops raining here. I wish it ______ raining. a. stopped b. would stop c. had stopped

Wish Practice (Choices) 2. It never stops raining here. I wish it ______ raining. a. stopped b. would stop c. had stopped

Wish Practice (Choices) 3. I should never have said that. I wish I ______ that. a. didn't say b. wouldn't say c. hadn't said

Wish Practice (Choices) 3. I should never have said that. I wish I ______ that. a. didn't say b. wouldn't say c. hadn't said

Wish Practice (Choices) 4. I miss my friends. I wish my friends ______ here right now. a. were b. would be c. had been

Wish Practice (Choices) 4. I miss my friends. I wish my friends ______ here right now. a. were b. would be c. had been

Wish Practice (Choices) 5. I speak terrible English. I wish I ______ English well. a. spoke b. would speak c. had spoken

Wish Practice (Choices) 5. I speak terrible English. I wish I ______ English well. a. spoke b. would speak c. had spoken

Wish Practice (Choices) 6. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ______ quiet. a. kept b. would keep c. had kept

Wish Practice (Choices) 6. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ______ quiet. a. kept b. would keep c. had kept

Wish Practice (Choices) 7. This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I ______ the earlier train. a. caught b. would catch c. had caught

Wish Practice (Choices) 7. This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I ______ the earlier train. a. caught b. would catch c. had caught

Wish Practice (Choices) 8. I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I ______ it. a. saw b. would see c. had seen

Wish Practice (Choices) 8. I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I ______ it. a. saw b. would see c. had seen

Wish Practice (Choices) 9. I went out in the rain, and now I have a bad cold. I wish I ______ out. a. didn't go b. wouldn't go c. hadn't gone

Wish Practice (Choices) 9. I went out in the rain, and now I have a bad cold. I wish I ______ out. a. didn't go b. wouldn't go c. hadn't gone

Wish Practice (Choices) 10. This movie is terrible. I wish we ______ to see another one. a. went b. would go c. had gone

Wish Practice (Choices) 10. This movie is terrible. I wish we ______ to see another one. a. went b. would go c. had gone

Wish Practice (Choices) 11. I hate living in England. It's cold, and it's damp. I wish I ______ in Spain. a. lived b. would live c. had lived

Wish Practice (Choices) 11. I hate living in England. It's cold, and it's damp. I wish I ______ in Spain. a. lived b. would live c. had lived

Wish Practice (Choices) 12. I love California. I wish I ______ there right now. a. were b. would be c. had been

Wish Practice (Choices) 12. I love California. I wish I ______ there right now. a. were b. would be c. had been

Wish Practice (Choices) 13. My car is too small. I wish I ______ a bigger one. a. had b. would have c. had

Wish Practice (Choices) 13. My car is too small. I wish I ______ a bigger one. a. had b. would have c. had

Wish Practice (Choices) 14. I was only in Miami for a week. I wish I ______ more time there, but I had to go on to New York. a. had b. would have c. had

Wish Practice (Choices) 14. I was only in Miami for a week. I wish I ______ more time there, but I had to go on to New York. a. had b. would have c. had

Wish Practice (Choices) 15. My face is bright red. I wish I ______ in the sun so long yesterday. a. didn't sit b. wouldn't sit c. hadn't sat

Wish Practice (Choices) 15. My face is bright red. I wish I ______ in the sun so long yesterday. a. didn't sit b. wouldn't sit c. hadn't sat

Wish Practice (Choices) 16. It was supposed to be a secret. I wish you ______ him. a. didn't tell b. wouldn't tell c. hadn't told

Wish Practice (Choices) 16. It was supposed to be a secret. I wish you ______ him. a. didn't tell b. wouldn't tell c. hadn't told

Wish Practice (Choices) 17. They didn't offer me the job. I wish they ______ it to me. a. offered b. would offer c. had offered

Wish Practice (Choices) 17. They didn't offer me the job. I wish they ______ it to me. a. offered b. would offer c. had offered

Wish Practice (Choices) 18. You're always moaning about something or other. I wish you ______. a. shut up b. would shut up c. had shut up

Wish Practice (Choices) 18. You're always moaning about something or other. I wish you ______. a. shut up b. would shut up c. had shut up

Wish Practice (Choices) 19. I hate having red hair. I wish I ______ blonde hair. a. had b. would have c. had

Wish Practice (Choices) 19. I hate having red hair. I wish I ______ blonde hair. a. had b. would have c. had

Wish Practice (Choices) 20. This exercise is very boring. I wish the teacher ______ us some more interesting things to do. a. gave b. would give c. had given

Wish Practice (Choices) 20. This exercise is very boring. I wish the teacher ______ us some more interesting things to do. a. gave b. would give c. had given

2 How To use As if As though

As if = As though 1. As if, As ) though (���� - Talking about unreal situations. • He looks as if he were tired. • Jack always behaves as if she were a celebrity. Unreal Present • Kate talked to me as if she hadn’t had happiness with her boyfriend yesterday. • She ate lots of things as if she had been stolen food yesterday. Unreal Past

As if = As though 2. As if, As though - Talking about the tendency by considering information got. • The U. S. economy looks as if it’s going to crash hard. • He looks as if he gets a cold. As if, As though + Present

Miley: I hear you’re dating Justin. Taylor: As if! As if = Interjection No way! Unbelievable! Lying!

3 How To use Would rather

Would rather (Would sooner) 1. Would rather (Same subject) - Talking about preferring one thing to another • Chinese would rather use chopsticks (than <use> the spoon). • I would rather not go out today. Would rather + (not) Infinitive without to

Would rather (Would sooner) 2. Would rather ( Different subject) - Talking about preferring one thing to another a. The teacher would rather students didn’t use chopstick now. b. The teacher would rather students hadn’t come to school on Sundays. c. The teacher would rather students had come to school on Fridays. d. The teacher would rather students used chopsticks now. Unreal Present Versus Unreal Past

Justin: Do you want to go with me? Taylor: I’d rather not.