PRESENT PERFECT We use present perfect when we

PRESENT PERFECT We use present perfect when we talk about an action that started in the past but it is not finished in the present.

PRESENT PERFECT Structure: • Affirmative: Subject + verb have in present + verb in past participle + C. Example: She has broken the window. We have flown a kite in the park. • Negative: Subject + verb have in negative + verb in past participle + C. Example: She hasn´t broken the window. We haven´t flown a kite in the park. • Interrogative: Verb have in present + subject + verb in past participle + C? Example: Has she broken the window? Have we flown a kite?

Since vs For • Since Desde • For Durante • Examples: You have lived in Madrid since 2008. You have lived in Madrid for 12 years. He has been at home since 18 o´clock. He has benn at home for 3 hours.

Still/ Yet/ Already/ Just AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE STILL X YET X INTERROGATIVE X STILL TODAVIA. SE USA EN FRASES NEGATIVAS. ESTRUCTURA SUBJECT + STILL + VERB HAVE IN NEGATIVE + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + C. ALREADY X EXAMPLE: I STILL HAVEN´T BEEN IN LONDON. SHE STILL HASN´T BOUGHT A PEN. JUST X YET TODAVÍA. SE USA EN FRASES NEGATIVAS. ALREADY YA. SE USA EN FRASES AFIRMATIVAS. ESTRUCTURA SUBJECT + VERB HAVE IN PRESENT + ALREADY + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + C. EXAMPLE: I HAVE ALREADY BEEN IN LONDON. SHE HAS ALREADY BOUGHT A PEN. JUSTO AHORA. SE USA EN FRASES AFIRMATIVAS. ESTRUCTURA SUBJECT + VERB HAVE IN PRESENT + JUST + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + C. EXAMPLE: I HAVE JUST FINISHED MY HOMEWORK. SHE HAS JUST BOUGHT A PEN. ESTRUCTURA SUBJECT + VERB HAVE IN NEGATIVE + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + C + YET. EXAMPLE: I HAVEN´T BEEN IN LONDON YET. SHE HASN´T BOUGHT A PEN YET YA. SE PUEDE USAR TAMBIÉN YET EN FRASES INTERROGATIVAS Y SIGNIFICA “YA”. ESTRUCUTURA VERB HAVE IN PRESENT + SUBJECT + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + C+ YET? EXAMPLE: HAVE YOU BEEN IN LONDON YET? HAS SHE BOUGHT A PENCIL YET?