Present Perfect Structure Affirmative verb have present simple
Present Perfect
Structure Affirmative • verb have (present simple + past participle (main verb) Ex. He has lived in England. Negative • hasn’t/haven’t + past participle (main verb) Ex. He hasn’t lived in England. Interrogative • Has/have + subject + past participle (main verb) Ex. Has he lived in England?
Usage Past events whose time is indefinite. Ex. He has written a letter. Events that began in the past and continue up to the present. Ex. I have had my car for two years. (I still have it) Actions that have just finished. Ex. I have just finished my lunch.
Time Expressions • • For refers to a period of time Since refers to when the action started Just refers to a very recent action Never refers to an experience we didn’t have Ever refers to an experience we had Yet negative & interrogative sentences Already affirmative sentences
Exercises v Put the verbs in these sentences into the Present Perfect: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) Peter _____ (write) na e-mail to his best friend. _____ (the students/finish) their homework yet? Tom _____ (take) his girlfriend to theatre. I _____ (drop) my book on the floor. James _____ (not go) to school today. I _____ (leave) my motorcycle in the garage. Mary _____ already _____ (sing) a few songs to her friends. _____ (the cat/clim) that tall tree? The baker _____ (sell) all his croissants. My parents _____ (not buy) a new house.
Exercises v Complete the sentences using “for” and “since”: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) We have driven _____ seven hours straight. Mike hasn’t spoken to his sister _____ last summer. They have played tennis _____ they were three years old. My mother hasn’t had a job _____ four years. My cousins have lived together _____ six months. I have known my best friend _____ ages. Peter hasn’t smoked _____ his son was born. Has she studied French _____ 2001? Mary has been very happy _____ she moved to Italy. You have had your new pet _____ two weeks.
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