Present Indicative Tense I Verb Endings ar er

Present Indicative Tense

I. Verb Endings -ar -er -ir o amos o emos o imos as áis es éis es ís a an e en

II. Irregular Yo forms a. –go verbs salir salgo salimos sales salís salen similar verbs: tener venir decir hacer oír poner seguir conseguir traer caerse

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) b. –oy verbs dar doy damos dais da dan similar verbs: ir ser estar (*accent marks)

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) c. –zco verbs conocer conozco conoces conoce (all verbs that end in –cer or –cir) *except decir conocemos conocéis conocen similar verbs: merecer- to deserve nacer- to be born obedecer - to obey parecerse- to look like (somebody) conducir producir reducir traducir

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) d. –jo verbs occurs in all –ger & –gir verbs coger- to catch, to grasp cojo cogemos coges cogéis cogen similar verbs: recoger- to pick up escoger- to choose, to pick exigir- to demand, to require fingir- to pretend

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) e. Miscellaneous irregular yo verbs saber- sé ver- veo convencer (to convince)- convenzo caber (to fit into)- quepo

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) REMEMBER: Compound verbs have the same irregularities as its base verb: tener- obtener, retener, detener coger- escoger, recoger seguir- conseguir, perseguir

II. Stem-changing verbs a. e to ie pensar pienso pensamos piensas pensáis piensan similar verbs: divertirse comenzar empezar despertarse mentir- to lie preferir sentir- to be sorry sentirse- to feel

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) b. o to ue volver vuelvo vuelves vuelve volvemos volvéis vuelven similar verbs: poder acostarse contar- to count, to tell a story/joke devolver- to return an item dormirse- to fall asleep encontrar jugar (u to ue) morir mostrar- to show

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) c. e to i pedir pido pides pide pedimos pedís piden similar verbs: despedirse- to say goodbye reñir- to argue, to fight repetir servir vestirse seguir- to follow, to continue conseguir- to get, to obtain

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) d. –y verbs occurs in –uir verbs **EXCEPT seguir huir- to flee huyo huimos huyes huís huyen construir construyo construyes construye construimos construís construyen similar verbs: oír construir- to construct incluir- to include influir- to influence concluir- to conclude

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) e. oler- to smell, to stink huelo olemos hueles oléis huelen Other confusing conjugations: Oír: Seguir: oigo oímos sigo oyes oís sigues oyen sigue seguimos seguís siguen

III. Accent verbs a. –iar & –uar verbs Some – iar and – uar verbs (exceptions include estudiar, limpiar, copiar, etc. ) have accent marks in a stem-changing pattern. continuar- to continue continúo continuamos continúas continuáis continúan similar verbs: actuar- to act graduarse- to graduate enviar- to send confiar- to confide in, to entrust espiar- to spy fiarse- to trust

III. Accent verbs (continued) b. reír - to laugh / to laugh at sonreír- to smile / to smile at, to yourself ALL forms have an accent mark over the letter í sonrío sonríes sonríe sonreímos sonreís sonríen