PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AT IN ON DURING AFTER

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AT/ IN/ ON/ DURING/ AFTER/ BEFORE/ FROM… TILL, UNTIL, TO/ AGO

QUANTIFIERS SOME/ ANY/ NO/ MUCH/ MANY/ A LOT OF/ LOTS OF/ (A) LITTLE/ (A) FEW

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS • COUNTABLE (USE “THERE ARE”) • UNCOUNTABLE (USE “THERE IS”) • In English grammar, countable nouns are individual people, animals, places, things, or ideas which can be counted. • Uncountable nouns are not individual objects, so they cannot be counted.

WE USE SOME + UNCOUNTABLE/ PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES AND OFFERS THERE IS SOME ORANGE JUICE IN THE REFRIGERATOR • WOULD YOU LIKE SOME FRIES?

WE USE ANY + UNCOUNTABLE/ PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS IN QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES • IS THERE ANY ORANGE JUICE IN THE REFRIGERATOR? • THERE AREN’T ANY FRIES ON THE TABLE

WE USE NO (=NOT ANY) + UNCOUNTABLE / PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES TO GIVE A NEGATIVE MEANING • THERE IS NO CHEESE IN THE REFRIGERATOR • THERE ISN’T ANY CHEESE IN THE REFRIGERATOR

WE USE MUCH WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, IN QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES • WE DON’T HAVE MUCH MONEY • HOW MUCH RICE IS THERE ON THE PLATE?

WE USE MANY WITH PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS, USUALLY IN QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES • THERE AREN’T MANY BOOKS IN THE BOOKCASE

WE USE A LOT OF/ LOTS OF WITH UNCOUNTABLE AND PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS, USUALLY IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES • THERE IS A LOT OF COFFEE IN MY CUP • THERE ARE LOTS OF APPLES IN THE REFRIGERATOR

WE USE A LITTLE WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES THERE IS A LITTLE CHEESE ON THE TABLE

WE USE A FEW WITH PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS, IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES • THERE A FEW MAGAZINES ON THE TABLE

WE USE LITTLE WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, WHEN THERE’S NOT ENOUGH OF SOMETHING • WE HAVE VERY LITTLE TIME

WE USE FEW WITH PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS WHEN THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH OF THEM • THERE ARE VERY FEW TOMATOES LEFT

NOTE: • FOR EMPHASIS WE CAN USE: • VERY, SO, TO + LITTLE/ FEW • WHEN SOME/ ANY/ MUCH/ MANY/ A LOT/ LOTS/ A LITTLE/ A FEW ARE USED AS PRONOUNS, THEY ARE NOT FOLLOWED BY NOUNS • THERE’S VERY LITTLE MILK IN MY COFFEE • ONLY + A LITTLE / A FEW • DO YOU HAVE ANY MONEY? NO, I DON’T HAVE ANY • HE HAS ONLY A FEW FRIENDS • I DON’T NEED ANY MORE HATS, I HAVE LOTS

PAST PROGRESSIVE WAS/ WERE + -ING

AFFIRMATIVE I/ HE/ SHE/ IT WAS WORKING • WE/ YOU/ THEY WERE WORKING

NEGATIVE I/ HE/ SHE/ IT WASN’T WORKING • WE/ YOU/ THEY WEREN’T WORKING

QUESTIONS WAS I/ HE/ SHE/ IT WORKING? • WERE WE/ YOU/ THEY WORKING?

WE USE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE: • FOR ACTIONS THAT WERE HAPPENING AT A SPECIFIC POINT OF TIME IN THE PAST • I WAS WATCHING TV AT 7 O’ CLOCK YESTERDAY EVENING • TO DESCRIBE BACKGROUND SCENES TO A STORY • JILL WAS WALKING TV AT 7 O’ CLOCK YESTERDAY EVENING • FOR ACTIONS THAT WERE HAPPENING AT THE SAME TIME IN THE PAST. IN THIS CASE, WE USUALLY USE WHILE • WHILE I WAS WATCHING TV, MY FATHER WAS COOKING