Preliminary Spectrum Relocation Options for Army Systems in

Preliminary Spectrum Relocation Options for Army Systems in the 1755 – 1850 MHz Band presented to the Army 1755 – 1850 MHz Spectrum Relocation Workshop by Dennis Stewart (dstewart@alionscience. com) Army CIO/G-6, ASMO 1 February 2011

CLASSIFICATION Outline • Conditions for Replacement Spectrum • Characterizing Comparable Replacement Spectrum • Spectrum Relocation Options for Major Categories of Army Systems • Summary 2

CLASSIFICATION Conditions* for Surrender of Do. D Spectrum 1. NTIA, in consultation with the FCC, has identified and made available to the Department of Defense for its primary use, if necessary, an alternative band or bands of frequencies with comparable technical characteristics as a replacement 2. The Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Defense, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff have jointly certified to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation of the Senate; and the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Commerce of the House of Representatives, that the replacement band or bands of frequencies provides comparable technical characteristics to restore essential military capability that will be lost when the band of frequencies is surrendered. 3 *Source: Title X, Subpart G, Section 1062 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000

CLASSIFICATION Band (MHz) 1755 -1850 Present Frequency Allocation of the 1755 -1850 MHz Band Federal Allocation* FIXED 1755 -1850 MOBILE 1755 -1850 SPACE OPERATION 1761 -1842(E→S) Non-Federal Allocation None 1755 -1850 Remarks 95 MHz of Unrestricted FIXED and MOBILE spectrum supports Army operations, training, and testing. *Note: Primary service allocations are shown in all capital letters (i. e. , FIXED) Secondary service allocations are shown in initial capital letters (i. e. , Fixed) • NTIA Must Provide Comparable Spectrum to Allow Army and other Federal Agencies to Relocate to Alternate Spectrum Bands • Comparable Spectrum Means: – Equivalent Radiocommunications Service Allocation and Status – Similar Amount of Allocated Bandwidth – Suitable Technical and Operational Characteristics • Supports Equipment Design and Operational Constraints • Feasibility of Coexisting with Systems Currently in the Band • No loss of essential military capability 4

CLASSIFICATION Review of Army Usage in the 1755 -1850 MHz Band Radiocommunications Service Major Types of Army Systems 5 Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave FIXED Tactical Radio Relay FIXED Land Mobile Systems (UGVs, UXO Robots, JTRS WNW, etc. ) MOBILE except aeronautical mobile Air-to-Ground Telemetry Systems Air Combat Training Systems Precision Guided Munitions MOBILE(aeronautical telemetry) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE Unmanned Airborne Systems Unmanned Airborne Vehicles Remotely Piloted Vehicles MOBILE AERONAUTICAL MOBILE

CLASSIFICATION *Band (MHz) 6 Relocation Options for Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (1 of 2) Federal Allocation 4400 -4950 FIXED, MOBILE 4400 -4940 RADIO ASTRONOMY 4825 -4835 Non-Interference Basis 4940 -4950 7125 -8500 FIXED 7125 -7250, 7300 -7900, 8025 -8500 Fixed 7250 -7300, 7900 -8025 SPACE OPERATIONS (E→S) 7125 -7155 SPACE RESEARCH 7145 -7235(E→S), 8400 -8500(S→E) FIXED-SATELLITE 7250 -7900(S→E), 7900 -8400(E→S) MOBILE-SATELITE 7250 -7300(S→E), 7900 -8025(E→S) Mobile-Satellite 7300 -7550(S→E), 8025 -8400(E→S) METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE (S→E) 7300 -7550, 7750 -7850 Mobile except aeronautical mobile 7550 -7750 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (S→E) 8025 -8400 Non-Federal Allocation None 4400 -4500 FIXED SATELLITE (S→E) 4500 -4800 RADIO ASTRONOMY 4825 -4835 FIXED 4940 -4950 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 4940 -4950 Space Research 7145 -7190(E→S), 8400 -8450(S→E) SPACE RESEARCH 8450 -8500(S→E) Remarks This is a preferred band for relocation of MOBILE systems. When possible, FIXED systems should be relocated to the 7/8 GHz band to avoid competition for spectrum with MOBILE systems. This is the preferred band for relocation of FIXED systems. *Proposed Bands Provided by NTIA via email to ASD/NII o/a 1 December 2010

CLASSIFICATION Band (GHz) 14. 5 -14. 7145 15. 1365 -15. 35 25 -27. 5 7 Relocation Options for Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (2 of 2) Federal Allocation Non-Federal Allocation FIXED 14. 5 -14. 7145 Mobile 14. 5 -14. 7145 Space Research 14. 5 -14. 7145 None 14. 5 -14. 7145 FIXED 15. 1365 -15. 35 SPACE RESEARCH 15. 1365 -15. 35 Mobile 15. 1365 -15. 35 Earth Exploration-Satellite 15. 20 -15. 35 Space Research 15. 20 -15. 35 Earth Exploration-Satellite 15. 20 -15. 35 FIXED 25. 25 -27. 5 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE(S→E) 25. 5 -27 INTER-SATELLITE 25. 25 -27. 5 MOBILE 25. 25 -27. 5 RADIONAVIGATION 25 -25. 05 SPACE RESEARCH 25 -27. 5 Standard frequency and time signal-satellite 25. 25 -27(E→S) FIXED 25. 05 -25. 25 FIXED-SATELLITE 25 -25. 25(E→S) RADIONAVIGATION 25 -25. 05 Inter-Satellite 25. 25 -27. 5 Standard frequency and time signal-satellite 25. 25 -27(E→S) Remarks Although these bands have the required Federal FIXED allocation, the higher propagation path loss and the potential for greater fading losses will impact the reliability of links having long path lengths (e. g. , 20 -30 mi). Consequently, this spectrum is less desirable for relocation of FIXED systems.

Relocation Options for Tactical Radio Relay (1 of 2) CLASSIFICATION Band (MHz) Federal Allocation Non-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED 1350 -1390 MOBILE 1350 -1390 RADIOLOCATION 1350 -1390 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 1350 -1370 FIXED-SATELLITE 1369. 05 -1390(S→E)(nuclear burst detection) MOBILE-SATELLITE 1369. 05 -1390(S→E)(nuclear burst detection) Space Research 1370 -1390 Earth Exploration-Satellite 1370 -1390 Radio Astronomy 1350 -1390 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 1350 -1370 Space Research 1370 -1390 Earth Exploration-Satellite 1370 -1390 Radio Astronomy 1350 -1390 This band has the required Federal FIXED allocation to support RR. The Army’s AN/GRC-245 requires a minimum 50 MHz transmitreceive frequency separation which is not supported by this 40 -MHz wide band. Spectrum support in a paired band, such as the 14351525 MHz band would also be needed to address this requirement. 1435 -1525 MOBILE(aeronautical telemetry) 1435 -1525 Band lacks the required FIXED service allocation for RR. 2025 -2110 Fixed 2025 -2110 (at 6 military ranges) Mobile except aeronautical mobile 2025 -2110 (at 6 military ranges) SPACE OPERATION 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) FIXED 2025 -2110 MOBILE 2025 -2110 Band lacks the required Federal FIXED service allocation for RR. 1350 -1390* *ASMO addition to the list of potentially comparable spectrum provided by NTIA 8

Relocation Options for Tactical Radio Relay (2 of 2) CLASSIFICATION Band (MHz) Federal Allocation SPACE RESEARCH 2110 -2120(E→S)(Goldstone, AZ) 2110 -2165 2200 -2310 9 FIXED 2200 -2290(line-of-sight only) 2290 -2300 MOBILE 2200 -2290(line –of-sight only including aeronautical telemetry, but excluding flight testing of manned aircraft) 2290 -2300(except aeronautical mobile) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE OPERATION 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) 2290 -2300(S→E) Non-Interference Basis 2300 -2310 Non-Federal Allocation Remarks FIXED 2110 -2165 MOBILE 2110 -2165 SPACE RESEARCH 2110 -2120(E→S)(Goldstone, AZ) Band lacks the required Federal FIXED service allocation for RR. FIXED 2305 -2310 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 2305 -2310 RADIOLOCATION 2305 -2310 Earth Exploration-Satellite 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) Space Operation 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) Space Research 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2290 -2300(S→E) Amateur 2300 -2310 The 2200 -2300 MHz sub-band has a suitable Federal FIXED allocation to support tactical radio relay. The 2300 -2310 MHz sub-band is not allocated for Federal FIXED operations.

Relocation Options for Land Mobile* Systems (1 of 3) CLASSIFICATION Band (MHz) Non-Federal Allocation Remarks 225 -328. 6 FIXED 225 -328. 6 MOBILE-SATELLITE 242. 95 -243. 05(EPIRBs), 235 -322 Radio Astronomy 322 -328. 6 335. 4 -380 FIXED 335. 4 -380 MOBILE-SATELLITE 335. 4 -380 None 335. 4 -380 Federal MOBILE allocation suitable for Army Land Mobile systems, but the MCEB channel plan does not support channels wider than 1. 2 MHz. RADIOLOCATION 420 -450 Space Operation 449. 75 -450. 25(E→S) Space Research 449. 75 -450. 25(E→S) LAND MOBILE 422. 1875 -425. 4875 and 427. 1875429. 9875(within 50 miles of Cleveland Detroit) 423. 8125 -425. 4875 and 428. 8125429. 9875(within 50 miles of Buffalo) Amateur 420 -450 Amateur Satellite (Non-Interference Basis) 435 -438 Space Operation 449. 75 -450. 25(E→S) Space Research 449. 75 -450. 25(E→S) Band lacks the required Federal LAND MOBILE service allocation for Army Land Mobile Systems. 420 -450 10 Federal Allocation MOBILE-SATELLITE 242. 95 -243. 05(EPIRBs) Radio Astronomy 322 -328. 6 Federal MOBILE allocation suitable for Army Land Mobile systems, but the MCEB channel plan does not support channels wider than 1. 2 MHz. *UGVs, UXO Robots, JTRS WNW

Relocation Options for Land Mobile Systems (2 of 3) CLASSIFICATION Band (MHz) 11 Federal Allocation Non-Federal Allocation Remarks 1350 -1390 FIXED 1350 -1390 MOBILE 1350 -1390 RADIOLOCATION 1350 -1390 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 1350 -1370 FIXED-SATELLITE 1369. 05 -1390(S→E)(nuclear burst detection) MOBILE-SATELLITE 1369. 05 -1390(S→E)(nuclear burst detection) Space Research 1370 -1390 Earth Exploration-Satellite 1370 -1390 Radio Astronomy 1350 -1390 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 1350 -1370 Space Research 1370 -1390 Earth Exploration-Satellite 1370 -1390 Radio Astronomy 1350 -1390 This band has the required Federal MOBILE allocation to support Army Land Mobile Systems. 1435 -1525 MOBILE(aeronautical telemetry) 1435 -1525 The Federal MOBILE aeronautical telemetry allocation is not suitable for Army Land Mobile systems. 1675 -1695 METEOROLOGICAL AIDS(radiosonde) 1675 -1695 METEOROLOGICAL-SATELLITE(S→E) 1675 -1695 Earth Exploration-Satellite(S→E) 1690 -1695 Band lacks a primary LAND MOBILE allocation for support of Army Land Mobile systems.

Relocation Options for Land Mobile Systems (3 of 3) CLASSIFICATION Band (MHz) 12 Federal Allocation Non-Federal Allocation Remarks 2025 -2110 Fixed 2025 -2110 (at 6 military ranges) Mobile except aeronautical mobile 2025 -2110 (at 6 military ranges) SPACE OPERATION 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) FIXED 2025 -2110 MOBILE 2025 -2110 Band lacks a primary LAND MOBILE allocation for unrestricted support of Army Land Mobile systems. 2200 -2310 FIXED 2200 -2290(line-of-sight only) 2290 -2300 MOBILE 2200 -2290(line–of-sight only including aeronautical telemetry, but excluding flight testing of manned aircraft) 2290 -2300(except aeronautical mobile) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE OPERATION 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) 2290 -2300(S→E) Non-Interference Basis 2300 -2310 FIXED 2305 -2310 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 2305 -2310 RADIOLOCATION 2305 -2310 Earth Exploration-Satellite 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) Space Operation 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) Space Research 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2290 -2300(S→E) Amateur 2300 -2310 The 2200 -2300 MHz sub-band has a suitable Federal MOBILE allocation to support Army Land Mobile Systems. 2360 -2395 MOBILE (telemetry) 2360 -2395(flight test of aircraft, missiles, or major components thereof has priority over other mobile telemetry uses) RADIOLOCATION 2360 -2390 Fixed 2360 -2390 MOBILE (telemetry) 2360 -2395(flight test of aircraft, missiles, or major components thereof has priority over other mobile telemetry uses) AMATEUR 2390 -2395 The Federal MOBILE telemetry allocation is not suitable for most Army Land Mobile systems. Land Mobile telemetry applications would be secondary to telemetry for Flight Testing.

CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for Air-to-Ground Telemetry Systems* (1 of 2) Band (MHz) 13 Federal Allocation Non-Federal Allocation Remarks 1350 -1390 FIXED 1350 -1390 MOBILE 1350 -1390 RADIOLOCATION 1350 -1390 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 1350 -1370 FIXED-SATELLITE 1369. 05 -1390(S→E)(nuclear burst detection) MOBILE-SATELLITE 1369. 05 -1390(S→E)(nuclear burst detection) Space Research 1370 -1390 Earth Exploration-Satellite 1370 -1390 Radio Astronomy 1350 -1390 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 1350 -1370 Space Research 1370 -1390 Earth Exploration-Satellite 1370 -1390 Radio Astronomy 1350 -1390 This band has the required Federal MOBILE allocation to support Army A/G Telemetry Systems. 1435 -1525 MOBILE(aeronautical telemetry for flight testing of manned or unmanned aircraft and missiles, or their major components) 1435 -1525 The Federal MOBILE aeronautical telemetry allocation is not suitable for Army A/G Telemetry systems. 2025 -2110 Fixed 2025 -2110 (at 6 military ranges) Mobile except aeronautical mobile 2025 -2110 (at 6 military ranges) SPACE OPERATION 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) FIXED 2025 -2110 MOBILE 2025 -2110 Band lacks a primary AERONAUTICAL MOBILE allocation to support of Army A/G Telemetry systems. *Includes Air Combat Training Systems (ACTS), Precision Guided Munitions (PGMs)

CLASSIFICATION Relocation Options for Air-to-Ground Telemetry Systems (2 of 2) Band (MHz) 14 Federal Allocation Non-Federal Allocation Remarks 2200 -2300 FIXED 2200 -2290(line-of-sight only) 2290 -2300 MOBILE 2200 -2290(line–of-sight only including aeronautical telemetry, but excluding flight testing of manned aircraft) 2290 -2300(except aeronautical mobile) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE OPERATION 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) 2290 -2300(S→E) Earth Exploration-Satellite 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) Space Operation 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) Space Research 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2290 -2300(S→E) The 2200 -2290 MHz sub-band has a suitable Federal MOBILE allocation to support Army A/G Telemetry systems. 2360 -2395 MOBILE (telemetry) 2360 -2395(flight test of aircraft, missiles, or major components thereof has priority over other mobile telemetry uses) RADIOLOCATION 2360 -2390 Fixed 2360 -2390 MOBILE (telemetry) 2360 -2395(flight test of aircraft, missiles, or major components thereof has priority over other mobile telemetry uses) AMATEUR 2390 -2395 The Federal MOBILE telemetry allocation is not suitable for most Army A/G Telemetry systems. Army A/G Telemetry applications would be secondary to telemetry for Flight Testing.

Relocation Options for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs (1 of 3) CLASSIFICATION Band (MHz) Non-Federal Allocation Remarks 225 -328. 6 FIXED 225 -328. 6 MOBILE-SATELLITE 242. 95 -243. 05(EPIRBs), 235 -322 Radio Astronomy 322 -328. 6 335. 4 -380 FIXED 335. 4 -380 MOBILE-SATELLITE 335. 4 -380 None 335. 4 -380 Federal MOBILE allocation suitable for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs, but MCEB channel plan does not support channels wider than 1. 2 MHz. Fixed 2025 -2110 (at 6 military ranges) Mobile except aeronautical mobile 2025 -2110 (at 6 military ranges) SPACE OPERATION 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE 2025 -2110(E→S)(S→S) FIXED 2025 -2110 MOBILE 2025 -2110 Band lacks the required Federal MOBILE service allocation for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs. 2025 -2110 15 Federal Allocation MOBILE-SATELLITE 242. 95 -243. 05(EPIRBs) Radio Astronomy 322 -328. 6 Federal MOBILE allocation suitable for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs, but MCEB channel plan does not support channels wider than 1. 2 MHz.

Relocation Options for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs (2 of 3) CLASSIFICATION Band (MHz) 2200 -2310 4400 -4950 16 Federal Allocation FIXED 2200 -2290(line-of-sight only) 2290 -2300 MOBILE 2200 -2290(line–of-sight only including aeronautical telemetry, but excluding flight testing of manned aircraft) 2290 -2300(except aeronautical mobile) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE OPERATION 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2200 -2290(S→E)(S→S) 2290 -2300(S→E) Non-Interference Basis 2300 -2310 FIXED, MOBILE 4400 -4940 RADIO ASTRONOMY 4825 -4835 Non-Interference Basis 4940 -4950 Non-Federal Allocation FIXED 2305 -2310 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 2305 -2310 RADIOLOCATION 2305 -2310 Earth Exploration-Satellite 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) Space Operation 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) Space Research 2285 -2290(S→E)(S→S) SPACE RESEARCH 2290 -2300(S→E) Amateur 2300 -2310 None 4400 -4500 FIXED SATELLITE (S→E) 4500 -4800 RADIO ASTRONOMY 4825 -4835 FIXED 4940 -4950 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 4940 -4950 Remarks The 2200 -2290 MHz sub-band has a suitable Federal MOBILE allocation to support UASs, UAVs, and RPVs. The 2290 -2310 MHz sub-band is not allocated for Federal AERONAUTICAL MOBILE operations. The 4400 -4940 MHz sub-band has a suitable Federal MOBILE allocation to support UASs, UAVs, and RPVs. Higher propagation losses may limit the ability of UASs, UAVs, and RPVs that do not employ directive antennas to use this band. The 4940 -4950 MHz sub -band is not allocated for Federal MOBILE operations.

Relocation Options for UASs, UAVs, and RPVs (2 of 3) CLASSIFICATION Band (GHz) 14. 5 -14. 7145 15. 1365 -15. 35 17 Federal Allocation FIXED 14. 5 -14. 7145 Mobile 14. 5 -14. 7145 Space Research 14. 5 -14. 7145 FIXED 15. 1365 -15. 35 SPACE RESEARCH 15. 1365 -15. 35 Mobile 15. 1365 -15. 35 Earth Exploration-Satellite 15. 20 -15. 35 Non-Federal Allocation None 14. 5 -14. 7145 Space Research 15. 20 -15. 35 Earth Exploration-Satellite 15. 20 -15. 35 Remarks The Federal Mobile service is secondary in these bands. In these bands, higher propagation path loss and the potential for greater fading loss will impact the ability of system designers to implement mobile systems with the require range and link margin. Consequently, this spectrum is undesirable for relocation of most UASs, UAVs, and RPVs presently operating in the 1755 -1850 MHz band.

CLASSIFICATION Summary of Comparably-Allocated Suitable Spectrum • Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave – 7125 -8500 MHz: 1200 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to FIXED – 4400 -4940 MHz (Alternate): 540 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to FIXED • Tactical Radio Relay – 2200 -2300 MHz: 100 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to FIXED • Land Mobile: UGVs, UXO Robots, JTRS WNW – 1350 -1390 MHz: – 2200 -2300 MHz: 40 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to MOBILE 90 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to MOBILE • Air-to-Ground Telemetry Systems, Air Combat Training Systems, Precision Guided Munitions – 1350 -1390 MHz: – 2200 -2290 MHz: 40 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to MOBILE • UASs, UAVs, and RPVs – 2200 -2290 MHz: 18 90 MHz of Spectrum Allocated to MOBILE