Prehistory of the World An Overview World History

Prehistory of the World: An Overview World History & Geography I Shakopee High School Shakopee, MN

Prehistory Overview ò Reckoning Time • Time designations • Calendar systems ò ò ò * Tracking Prehistory – Timeline Ancient River Valley Civilizations Characteristics of Civilization Seven Elements of Culture Similarities in Ancient Cultures World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Reckoning Time ò BC Christ ò AD ò Anno Domini ò BC ò Before • Latin - “in the year of our Lord” E ò Before the Common Era ò CE ò Common Era ò ca. ò circa * World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Reckoning Time ò Calendar Systems • Gregorian (Christian, Western) • Most widely used • Solar, arithmetic calendar • Current year is 2012 AD/CE from January 1 through December 31 • Islamic (Muslim) • Lunar calendar • Current Year is 1432 AH (Anno Hegirae), from about Jan 9 (evening) to Dec 28, 2012 (evening) • Chinese • Lunisolar calendar • Current year is 4709 from 7 February 2011 to 25 January 2012 • Hebraic • Lunisolar calendar • Current year is 5771 AM (Anno Mundi) * World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Tracking Prehistory · Timeline 0 World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview 2, 000 AD 10, 000 BC 20, 000 BC 30, 000 BC 100, 000 BC 200, 000 BC 300, 000 BC Au stra cin e lopi 1. 7 million BC 2. 5 million BC 3. 7 million * Ho m Sa o pie ns Ne a als nder th Cro Ma gno n Ancient Peoples the ò *

Tracking Prehistory · Timeline Eras Paleolithic Era World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview 2, 000 AD 0 1, 200 BC 3, 000 BC 8, 000 BC 10, 000 BC 20, 000 BC 30, 000 BC 100, 000 BC 200, 000 BC 300, 000 BC 1. 7 million BC 2. 5 million BC 3. 7 million * Ho m Sa o pie ns Ne a als nder th Cro Ma gno n Au stra cin e lopi the • Based on tool-making (lithic = stone) Me soli thic E Nerao Era lithic Bro nze AIgre on Age ò *

Tracking Prehistory · Timeline Separating the Eras Ho m Sa o pie ns Ne a als nder th Cro Ma gno n Au stra cin e lopi ** 2, 000 AD 0 1, 200 BC 3, 000 BC 20, 000 BC 30, 000 BC 100, 000 BC 200, 000 BC 300, 000 BC 1. 7 million BC 2. 5 million BC 3. 7 million * * * 8, 000 BC 10, 000 BC * Me soli E Nreao thic Era lithic Bro nze AIgre on Age Iron • Based transformative technologies working Metalworki ng Domesticating Stone dogs Paleolithic tools Era Agricultu re the ò World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Tracking Prehistory · Timeline Me soli E Nreao thic Era lithic Bro nze AIgre on Age 20, 000 BC 30, 000 BC 100, 000 BC 200, 000 BC 300, 000 BC 1. 7 million BC 2. 5 million BC 3. 7 million * Ho m Sa o pie ns Ne a als nder th Cro Ma gno n * Paleolithic Era Ironworking • Neanderthal Metalworki • Stoneng tools Domesticating • Fire dogs • Cooked food • Agricultu Cave shelters • re Clothing • Religion * * ** 2, 000 AD 0 1, 200 BC 3, 000 BC Stone tools Paleolithic Advances 8, 000 BC 10, 000 BC Au stra cin e lopi the ò • Cro-Magnon • Spear-throwers • Art (cave drawings) World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Tracking Prehistory · Timeline ** 2, 000 AD 0 1, 200 BC 3, 000 BC 8, 000 BC 10, 000 BC World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview Era hic Bro nze AIgre on Age * * 20, 000 BC 30, 000 BC 100, 000 BC 200, 000 BC 300, 000 BC • Harpoons • Canoes 1. 7 million BC 2. 5 million BC 3. 7 million * Me sol ithi ENreao c lit * Ho m Sa o pie ns Ne a als nder th Cro Ma gno n Au stra cin e lopi the Ironò Mesolithic Advances working • Domestication of Animals (for Metalworki ng hunting) Domesticating Stone • Bow & Arrow dogs Paleolithic tools • Bone tools. Era Agricultu • Fish hooks & fish spears re *

Tracking Prehistory · Timeline ** 2, 000 AD 0 1, 200 BC 3, 000 BC 8, 000 BC 10, 000 BC 20, 000 BC 30, 000 BC 100, 000 BC 200, 000 BC 300, 000 BC World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview nze AIgre on Age olit hic EBrrao * * • Permanent settlements • Movement to Civilization 1. 7 million BC 2. 5 million BC 3. 7 million * Me soli E Nrae thic * Ho m Sa o pie ns Ne a als nder th Cro Ma gno n Au stra cin e lopi the Ironworking ò Neolithic Advances Metalworki ng • Agriculture • Domestication of plants. Domesticating Stone dogs Paleolithic tools • Domestication of animals as food Era Agricultu source re *

Ancient River Valley Civilizations ò * Mesopotamia ò Indus Valley ò Egypt ò China World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Characteristics of Civilization ò 1. Based upon productive agriculture system, which allowed… 3. Division of labor 4. • 2. Government • • • * Some people involved in jobs other than food production Irrigation Protection Monument-building Writing system • • Advanced technical skills • • 5. Tracking goods Scribes Metalworking Writing Calendar • • Track flooding Seasons for planting & harvesting World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Seven Elements of Culture ò Social Organization • How a society is structured by organizing its members into smaller units • Family Patterns — most important unit of social organization, where children learn proper behavior and beliefs • Nuclear Family — Parents and children within one household • Extended Family • • • Several generations under one household or within walking distance Agricultural economies Respect for the elders • Social Classes • How a society ranks its members according to status • Status — What’s important to that culture • * Examples: Family, Money, Education, Athleticism, Religion, Age, Leadership Qualities, Beauty, Occupation, etc. World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Seven Elements of Culture ò Customs and Traditions • Rules of behavior enforced by social pressure • Examples of Traditions • Festivals, feasts, rituals, ceremonies, etc. • Examples of Customs • Eating utensils • • United States = Forks, Spoons, Knives Japan = chopsticks; Africa = hands • Greetings — handshakes, waves, bowing, kisses, hugs, etc. • Clothing — robes, kilts, saris, culottes, pants, kimonos, etc. * World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Seven Elements of Culture ò Language • Necessity for communication • Reflects the country’s identity • Language Variety • Monolingual – one language • Bilingual – two languages. • Multilingual • • * More than two languages Ex: India has over 700 languages and only 15 are labeled “Official” World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Seven Elements of Culture ò Arts and Literature • Italy • Artists (Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, etc. ) • Authors (Petrarch, Dante, Machiavelli, etc. ) • U. S. A • Music (Blues, Jazz, Rock and Roll, Rap, Gospel, Country, etc. ) • Authors (Poe, Hemingway, King, Jack London, Mark Twain, Emily Dickinson, etc. ) • Artists (Andy Warhol, Winslow Homer, etc. ) * World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Seven Elements of Culture ò Religion • Supports values of a group or culture • Belief Systems • Monotheism — belief in one god • Christianity, Judaism, Islam • Polytheism — belief in many gods • Forms of Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism, Jainism • Monism — belief that reality is one unified whole with no independent parts • Forms of Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism, Jainism • Conflicts • Crusades — Christians Vs. Muslims • Middle East — Muslims Vs. Jews • N. Ireland — Catholics Vs. Protestants * World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Seven Elements of Culture ò Government • Definition • Person or people who hold power within a society • Society’s laws and political institutions that are formed to provide for the people’s common needs • Types of Government • • • * Tribal — Chief responsible for decision making Monarchy — King is responsible for decision making Aristocracy — Select group is responsible for decision making Democracy — People have supreme voting power Republic — People choose leaders to represent them Dictatorship — Ruler or group that holds power by force World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Seven Elements of Culture ò Economics System • How people use limited resources to satisfy their needs and wants • Needs — Food, Clothing, and Shelter; Things necessary needed to survive • Wants — Things that make our lives more comfortable after needs are met • Basic Economic Questions • What to produce? • How much to produce? • For whom to produce it? • Types of Historical Economies • Traditional Economy — nomadic hunters and gatherers • Early Traditional Economy — Neolithic Revolution (farming, domestication of animals, herding, etc. ) • Later Traditional Economy — Barter: exchange of goods for service * World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Similarities in Ancient Civilizations ò Cities • Neighborhoods, food storage, street networks, etc. Well-Organized Central Government ò Complex Religions ò • Polytheistic beliefs • Animal gods and spirits • “Earth” gods and spirits (sun, rain, rivers, earth, moon, etc. ) ò Job Specialization • Artisans — Skilled Craft workers • Merchants/Traders • Scribes * World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *

Similarities in Ancient Civilizations Social Classes ò Arts and Architecture ò Government Buildings ò Public Works ò • Irrigation Systems, Defensive Walls, Roads, Sewers, Running Water ò Methods of Record Keeping • Pictographs — First form of writing, picture represent objects • Hieroglyphics from Egypt • Cuneiform from Mesopotamia • Ideographs — Symbols represent ideas, feelings and emotions, etc. * World History & Geography I - Prehistory Overview *