Prehistoric Indians Mrs Green Saraland Elementary 4 th

Prehistoric Indians Mrs. Green Saraland Elementary 4 th Grade Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Tara Green Saraland Elementary Fourth Grade Originally Created by Mr. Hemmert

ALCOS • 2. Describe cultures, governments, and economies of prehistoric and historic Native Americans in Alabama. • Examples: prehistoric Native Americans—Paleo-Indian, Archaic, Woodland, Mississippian; historic Native Americans—Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Creek • 2. 1 Identifying locations of prehistoric and historic Native Americans in Alabama. • 2. 2 Describing types of prehistoric life in Alabama. • Examples: plants, animals, people • 2. 3 Identifying roles of archaeologists and paleontologists.

OUTCOME Describe the cultures of the Paleo, Archaic, and Woodland Indians

Important Vocabulary • Geographers (geography)– scientists who study the land how it affects the people who live on it

Important Vocabulary • Migration– moving from one region to another.

Important Vocabulary • prehistoric– time before history was recorded (written down). This does not mean before history.

Important Vocabulary • archaeologist – scientist who studies tools and other items left behind by past generations to learn about how they lived

Important Vocabulary • Inhabitants – people who live in a particular place

Important Vocabulary • Petroglyphs – rock carvings

Important Vocabulary • Middens – garbage dumps used by Archaic Indians

THINK, TURN, & TALK • Think about how we communicate with others today…. How is that different from the way people 100 years ago communicated? You have 1 min. to think!!! • Now TURN and TALK to your partner and explain your thinking. (1 min. ) • We communicate now by cell phones, text messages, facebook, emails, face time, Skype, etc. In the past, people communicated with others through traveling long distances, telegrams, and mail service. As time goes by, we are constantly learning more about the world around us and discovering new and more efficient ways of doing things. This was also true of the prehistoric Indians that once lived in this area.

Introduction • Anthropologists and archaeologists (study cultures by studying artifacts from the past) tell us that there were four distinct Indian cultures during the prehistoric period in Alabama. • These four groups are: Paleo Indians, Archaic Indians, Woodland Indians, Mississippian Indians

List-Group-Label (Before) • You will receive a sheet with multiple squares containing facts and a blank chart. Cut the squares out and arrange them on the chart using any prior knowledge you may have about the prehistoric Indians that were the first inhabitants in this area. • As you learn about these different time periods, confirm or correct your thinking. Notice how many facts you correctly grouped, and correct your thinking by rearranging the facts that you now know to be true. • If you learn other interesting facts about each group of Indians, you may write them down on the bottom of your chart.

Paleo Indians • The Paleo Indians moved into Alabama about 12, 000 years ago while following herds of now-extinct food animals. • They were hunters and gatherers.

Paleo Indians - Shelters • Where did the Paleo Indians live? • The Paleo Indians looked for shelter that was both safe and close to food sources. • They made camps beneath rock overhangs and caves. • One camp site was at Russell Cave in Jackson County in the northeastern corner of the state. A second is at Dust Cave in the cliffs overlooking the Tennessee Rive in northwestern Alabama.

Paleo Indians – Russell Cave

Paleo Indians - Shelter

Paleo Indians - Foods • What did the Paleo Indians eat? • Small family groups of bands of these early people cooperated to hunt game and to gather wild plant foods like berries and nuts from the forest. • The Paleo Indians hunted large prehistoric animals like mastodons and woolly mammoths.

Paleo Indians - Tools • Paleo Indians sharpened stones into spear points and scrapers. • Most of the objects that the Paleo Indians used may not be known because only stone objects can survive long enough to be found by archaeologists after hundreds of thousands of years.

Paleo Indians - Art • The Paleo Indians were excellent artists. • In some parts of north Alabama archaeologists have found petroglyphs carved into rocks. • These ancient symbols offer clues about religious beliefs of the state’s original inhabitants.

Paleo Indians - Petroglyphs

Paleo Indians - Petroglyphs

Paleo Indians - Petroglyphs

Paleo Indians - Petroglyphs

The Archaic Indians • The Archaic Indians lived in Alabama 10, 000 – 3, 500 years ago. • The changes of the Paleo period meant that although the Archaic people were still hunters and gatherers, they made use of other resources too.

Archaic Indians - Shelter • The Archaic Indians lived near rivers during the summer. During the winter, they lived near forests. • Archaic Indians lived near rivers during the summer because they used fish and shellfish as a food source. • In the winter time, they would move to the forest to collect nuts and to hunt game.

Archaic Indians - Middens • Middens are garbage dumps used by Archaic Indians. • Archeologists have learned about what the Archaic Indians ate by studying these garbage dumps. They noticed many muscle shells.

Archaic Indians - Tools • Archaic people developed many tools that made life easier. • They used the atlatl, or a throwing stick, for hunting. • The atlatl is shaped like a jointed spear tipped with a stone weight and a hook, the atlatl allowed a hunter to aim much better and throw much farther. The atlatl improved hunting.

The Archaic Indians – Art • Archaic period people made bowls and other items from stone.

Woodland Indians • The Woodland period in Alabama was characterized by increasing cultural complexity and population growth and began about 1000 BC and lasted until about AD 1000. • The Woodland period started about 3, 000 to 2, 000 years ago.

Woodland Indians - Shelter • Woodland people tended to live in small villages, perhaps in deer-hide tents. • They stayed in one place for at least a season.

Woodland Indians – Hunting and Farming • The Woodland Indians were excellent hunters and farmers. • The Woodland Indians invented the bow and arrow which improved their hunting abilities. • With both farming and hunting, the Woodland Indians had a more dependable and healthier diet than their predecessors. As a result, their population increased.

Woodland Indians - Diet • Some of the foods that the Woodland Indians ate were: • Maize (corn), squash, and beans, nuts, wild animals, and other wild foods.

Woodland Indians - Art • The Woodland Indians were also excellent artists. Archaeologists have found numerous forms of pottery from the Woodland period. • Using clay that they eventually mixed with a temper (crushed limestone or other material that made the clay stronger), they shaped bowls and other containers by hand. • They made bowls, containers, cooking utensils, effigies, and hunting tools. • Turn to page 16 and 17 to see some of the pottery that the Woodland Indians made.

Woodland Indians – Burial Mounds • In many of the Woodland Indian sites in Alabama, archaeologists have found many dome-shaped burial mounds. • In these burial mounds, archaeologists have found remains of individuals buried with grade goods such as bowls, spear points, jewelry made from shell or bone, and other special objects.

Woodland Indians – Society • In the Archaic period, people seemed to be equals in society. During the Woodland period, society was becoming more complex as more people lived close together for longer periods of time. • Leaders began to take charge, and burials show that some people were more important than others.

List-Group-Label (After) Group Time Period Paleo 12, 000 years ago Shelter Foods Caves Made camp underneath rock overhangs Nuts, berries, animals Tools Art Sharpened stone spear points and scrapers Petroglyphsancient symbols carved into rock Prehistoric animals Archai c 10, 000 – 3, 500 years ago Moved around according to the season Summer-rivers Winter-forests Freshwater mussels Fish Oysters Nuts meat Atlatl Shell middens Made bowls from stone spears Woodland 3, 000 – 2, 000 years ago Lived in small villages Deer-hide tents Raised corn, squash, and beans Meat berries Bow and arrow Made pottery from clay ( containers, utensils, pots, hunting tools)

Review Time • 1. Scientists who study the land how it affects the people who live on it are called _______. a. b. c. d. archaeologists geographers geologists paleontologists

Question 1 Answer • b. geographers

Question 2 • Scientists who study past cultures by looking at their weapons, tools, buildings, and other remains are called ________. a. b. c. d. geographers paleontologists archeologists geologists

Question 2 Answer • c. archeologists

Review Question 3 • Where did Paleo Indians sometimes make their home? a. b. c. d. Caves and/or rock overhangs houses Mrs. Green’s classroom tents

Question 3 Answer • A. They made their homes beneath rock overhangs and in caves. They wanted to be safe and close to food sources.

Review Question 4 • What did Paleo Indians hunt? a. elk and deer b. fish c. prehistoric animals such as mastodons and woolly mammoths d. Cheese burgers

Question 4 Answer • C. Paleo Indians hunted large prehistoric (now extinct) animals such as the woolly mammoth and mastodons.

Review Question 5 • The ______ was a throwing stick used by the Archaic Indians. • Atlatl

Review Question 6 • The _______ Indians made bowls and other items from stone. a. Archaic b. Woodland c. Paleo

Question 6 Answer • a. Archaic Indians

Question 7 • The bow and arrow was first used by the ______ Indians. a. Archaic b. Woodland c. Paleo

Question 7 Answer • b. Woodland Indians

Question 8 • People who live in a particular place are called ______. a. inhabitants b. prehistoric c. middens d. migration

Question 8 Answer • a. inhabitants

Question 9 • The study of prehistoric life is called _____. a. b. c. d. paleontologists geologists archaeologists geographers

Question 9 Answer • a. paleontologists

Review Questions 1. What do geographers study? 2. Where did Paleo Indians sometimes make their home? Why? 3. What did Paleo Indians hunt? 4. What is an atlatl? 5. What purposes did clay pots serve?

Review Questions (Answers) 1. Geographers study the way land influences cultures and societies and tell us about how people interact with the land. 2. Paleo Indians sometimes made their home beneath rock overhangs and in caves because it would be both safe and close to food sources. 3. Paleo Indians hunted large prehistoric animals like mastadons and woolly mammoths. 4. An atlatl is a throwing stick shaped like a jointed spear tipped with a stone weight and a hook. 5. Clay pots served a purpose because they could hold liquids, cook food, and store food for the winter months.

Conclusion • Think, Pair, Share: Turn and talk to your neighbor about something you have learned today. You will each have one minute to share. • Tomorrow, we will learn about the Mississippian period.