Prehistoric Cultures Tim Roufs section Prosimians http www

Prehistoric Cultures Tim Roufs’ section Prosimians

http: //www. d. umn. edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth 1602/pcprim. html#Prosimii

Classification chart (after Linnaeus) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 96

Prosimians (pre-monkeys) Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 123

Taxonomy Suborder Common Name Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris tarsier Anthropoidea

Taxonomy Suborder Common Name Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)

(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo • REM: the tree shrew is an insectivore not a primate • S. E. Asia and Indonesia

Borneo Indonesia Java Indonesia and Borneo Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 126

(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo • REM: the tree shrew is an insectivore not a primate • S. E. Asia and Indonesia • sharp-clawed digits • old fossil forms show flattened nails • some are nocturnal • about the size of a squirrel • approximation of earliest phase in the evolution of primates

p. 126 Pen – Tailed Tree Shrew, Borneo The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 20

Taxonomy Suborder Prosimii Common Name tree shrew (insectivore) lemur

Lemur Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 123

Modern Lemurs Madagascar Geographical distribution of modern lemurs Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 125

(Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar • • size and appearance of a raccoon independently moveable ears mostly nocturnal approximate midpoint between insectivores and monkeys • widespread during Eocene, and is of interest because of little change since Eocene – (36 -58 million yrs. B. P. ) • most digits have flat nails rather than claws • has uneven body temperature

p. 125 (Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 12

p. 125 Ring-tailed lemur Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 125

p. 125 Sifakas in their native habitat in Madagascar Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 125

p. 125

p. 125 Lemur, Madagascar

p. 125

Taxonomy Suborder Common Name Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris

Loris Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 123

Loris • Malaysia, S. E. Asia

Malaysia Java Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 126

Loris • • Malaysia, S. E. Asia nocturnal large eyes feeds largely on insects, birds, and bird’s eggs • strong hands • backbone has more vertebrae than any other primate

p. 126 Loris, Malaysia The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 29

p. 126 Slow loris Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 126

Taxonomy Suborder Common Name Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris – bush baby

Galago, or “bush baby” (Lorisiforme) p. 126 Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 126

Taxonomy Suborder Common Name Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris – bush baby tarsier

Tarsier Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 123

Tarsier • North central Indonesia

Modern Tarsiers Borneo Indonesia Java Geographical distribution of modern tarsiers Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 126

Tarsier • • • North central Indonesia extreme development of tarsal bones smaller than lemur, about the size of a rat small nose, large goggly eyes at least 25 genera in Eocene times (36 -58 million yrs. B. P. ) – today there is only one • arboreal • nocturnal • 180 degree head swivel

p. 126 Tarsier, Indonesia The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 23

p. 126 Tarsier Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 126

Primates Earliest primates = Prosimians (pre-monkeys)

Prosimians Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 123

A Primate Family Tree The Emergence of Humankind, 4 th ed. , p. 64

New World Monkeys Old World Monkeys ca. 50 mya

Next: Monkeys Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th ed. , p. 123