Prefixes Suffixes and Vocabulary Bio life ology the

Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary • Bio- = life • -ology = the study of • -ist = one who performs a specialized action • A- without • Homeo/homo- = the same • Uni- = one • Multi- = many

Life is… • A set of chemical reactions • A series of physical activities • The integration of the chemical physical laws of the universe and • Life does not exist in the abstract…. Only dead and alive… So… how do we tell inanimate objects from living objects? ?

All living things have 7 common characteristics Living things… 1. Are made of cells and have DNA. 2. Are homeostatic. 3. Reproduce themselves. 4. Grow and develop. 5. Take energy from the environment and change it from one form to another. 6. Respond to stimuli. 7. Are adapted.

1. Living things are made of cells and have DNA Cells: the basic units of structure and function. a. Unicellular: one cell that performs all functions of life. a. Multi-cellular: made up of many cells. There is a hierarchy of structure with basic parts grouped into larger and larger assemblages.

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DNA= Deoxyribonucleic Acid The structure of DNA is double helix and it is found in every living cell.

2. Living things are homeostatic Homeostasis: maintaining a stable internal environment. • Keep the inside world different than the outside world • Shivering when cold • Sweating when hot • Feedback loops • Skin injuries

3. Living things reproduce themselves Two types of reproduction: 1. Sexual: male and female combine cells to create a new individual. 2. Asexual: without sex. A cell grows, copies its DNA, and splits into 2 new cells. • Each cell is an exact copy • Bacteria do this!

4. Living things grow and develop • Growth and development are the processes that allow a baby to become an adult and eventually reproduce. • All organisms have their unique patterns of growth and development.

5. Living things take energy from the environment and change it from one form to another. Photosynthesis: Plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Light energy + water + carbon dioxide Sugar and oxygen gas • Occurs in plant cells in specialized structures called chloroplasts.

Cellular Respiration: Cells turn food into usable energy (ATP: adenosine triphosphate). Sugar + Oxygen gas Carbon dioxide + water + ATP • Occurs in animal cells in structures called mitochondria. specialized

6. Living things respond to stimuli Stimuli: anything in the environment that causes an organism to react. Response: reaction to a stimulus.

7. Living things are adapted • Each organism fills a niche. Niche: the role an organism plays in its environment. Examples: • Worms are adapted to live underground. • Whales are adapted to live in the ocean.

How can we prove that something is alive? ? Review the 7 characteristics of life!!

Proof that Marley is alive! • Living things are made of cells and have DNA. - Marley is made of millions of cells • Living things are homeostatic. - Marley maintains a constant body temperature of 104 degrees F • Living things reproduce themselves. - Marley had the ability to create puppies • Living things grow and develop. - Marley grew up from being a puppy

• Living things take energy from the environment and change it from one form to another. - Marley eats food and converts it to ATP through the process of cellular respiration • Living organisms respond to stimuli. - Marley barks when someone knocks on our front door • Living things are adapted. - Marley is adapted to swim, his toes are webbed!

Is a Lawn Mower living… PROVE it!! Use the 7 characteristics of life…how many does it satisfy? ? ?

It does satisfy 3 of the 7…. . • Living things take energy from the environment and change it from one form to another. -A lawn-mower requires gas or some other fuel in order to operate. • Living things respond to stimuli. -Pull on the starter cord and it begins to turn its blade, consume gas and cut grass. • Living things are adapted. -Each lawn-mower is ‘perfectly’ designed for different types of yards.

Proof that a mower is not alive • Living things are made of cells and have DNA -A lawn-mower is not made of cells and does not have DNA • Living things are homeostatic. -A lawn-mower does nothing to keep itself together. Does not perform maintenance on itself. • Living things reproduce themselves. -Does not make baby lawn-mowers! • Living things grow and develop. - Once constructed, the lawn-mower does not change.

Here is a tough question… Is a seed alive? ?

Yes! A seed is alive Living things are made of cells and have Living things take energy from the DNA. environment and change it from one A seed is one, very large cell that has form to another. all of the cellular parts. A plant (formerly a seed), when growing, requires sunlight. Living things are homeostatic. A seed stays in the same condition Living things respond to stimuli. until it germinates. A plant (formerly a seed) will grow towards sunlight (a Living things reproduce themselves. process called phototropism. ) A seed has the ability to reproduce. (Just like a baby, it isn’t reproducing, Living things are adapted. but could in the future. ) A seed is adapted to stay in stasis or hibernation until Living things grow and develop. conditions are right for it to Give a seed water, soil and sunlight germinate. and it will grow to a mature plant.