PREDICTING THE SMART LIBRARY EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES MEET THE

PREDICTING THE SMART LIBRARY: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES MEET THE CHALLENGE OF TRANSFORMED LIBRARIES Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http: //www. librarytechnology. org/ http: //twitter. com/mbreeding 28 Feb 2013 EDGE Conference

Summary Major trends are in play that contribute to major transformations underway in libraries. In the broader publishing and information arena, the explosion of interest in e-books represents another wave in the shift toward electronic content that in previous times saw the near complete transition of journal articles to electronic form. Web-based and cloud computing stands to bring fundamental changes in the ways that libraries use technology in support of their internal operations and in providing access to their collections and services. Breeding will help library decision makers explore how to harness these trends and technologies to meet the strategic missions.

Library Technology Guides . w ww y r a il br g r o. y g o l o n h c te

UK Public Libraries

Library Journal Automation Marketplace Published annually in April 1 issue Based on data provided by each vendor Focused primarily on North America � Context market of global library automation

LJ Automation Marketplace Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: 2012: Agents of Change 2011: New Frontier: battle intensifies to win hearts, minds and tech dollars 2010: New Models, Core Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer

Cloud Computing for Libraries Book Image Publication Info: Volume 11 in The Tech Set Published by Neal. Schuman / ALA Tech. Source ISBN: 781555707859 http: //www. nealschuman. com/ccl

Next-Gen Library Catalogs Marshall Breeding Neal-Schuman Publishers March 2010 Volume 1 of The Tech Set

Appropriate Automation Infrastructure Current automation products out of step with current realities Centered on transactional support Proliferation of disconnected tech components Majority of automation efforts support print activities Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructure Need better virtual presence that covers full breadth of library collection and services Library users expect more engaging socially aware interfaces for Web and mobile

Allocation of resources Libraries need flexible technical infrastructure that responds to changing priorities Collection funds devoted mostly to e-content Allocation of technology infrastructure and personnel devoted mostly to management of print Not hardwired to specific content media, workflows, or services

Technology to support all faces of public libraries Physical Social / Community Digital

Reshaped collections Monographs: transition to e-books underway � Demand for e-book discovery and lending � For academics, E-books now largely delivered through database aggregations Digital collections: local libraries and cultural organizations actively involved in digitizing unique materials � Journal content: mostly delivered electronically � Media collections: LP, CD, DVD, Blu-Ray to streaming Heritage print collections will remain indefinitely

Fulfillment activities Print circulation Increasing reliance on self-service Direct consortial borrowing Interlibrary loan activity rising Increased pressure for resource sharing

Additional public library roles Beyond content fulfillment Centers of community engagement Technology access for the under-served Ready reference > in-depth research support Improve Literacy, promote reading, etc Facilitating use of technology Stimulate creativity: Maker spaces

Public Library Issues Greater concern for e-books and general article databases Management: Need for consolidated approach that balances print, digital, and electronic workflows Emphasis on technologies that engage users with library programs and services

Cumulative effect Library collections more complex than ever Library services move diverse Managing electronic and digital content harder than managing print

Tech for Physical Libraries Content stations: Catalog stations, e-book kiosks, specialized resources Self-service (RFID) – increasingly duplicating LMS / Online catalog functionality Digital signage and exhibits Computing: Wi-Fi – PCs – printing Multi-media tables Device Lending – increasingly self-service Anything to spark collaboration and engagement

Social Computing Web 2. 0 as a separate activity often counter productive Important to have social orientation built directly into the software and services that comprise library infrastructure Avoid jettisoning patrons out of the library’s Web presence Find ways to effectively connect with users, connect users to each other, and especially to connect users to library content and services

Key Context: Changed expectations in metadata management Moving away from individual record-by-record creation Life cycle of metadata � Manage metadata in bulk when possible � E-book collections Highly shared metadata � Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed E-journal knowledge bases (Knowledge. Works / 360 Core) Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data � � � Very little progress in linked data for operational systems AACR 2 > RDA MARC > RDF (recent announcement of Library of Congress)

Enterprise connectivity Important to be interconnected with the technical infrastructure of related organizations: � Council services, Campus, UK: strong dynamic between local council business systems and that of the library service

Fundamental technology shift Mainframe computing Client/Server Cloud Computing http: //www. flickr. com/photos/carrick/61952845/ http: //soacloudcomputing. blogspot. com/2008/10/cloud-computing. html http: //www. javaworld. com/javaworld/jw-10 -2001/jw-1019 -jxta. html

Mobile Computing

Cooperation and Resource sharing Efforts on many fronts to cooperate and consolidate Many regional consortia merging (Example: suburban Chicago systems) State-wide or national implementations Software-as-a-service or “cloud” based implementations � Many libraries share computing infrastructure and data resources

Illinois Heartland Library Consortium Largest Consortium in US by Number of Members

Strategic Cooperation Shared infrastructure in support of strategic collaborative relationships Opportunities to share infrastructure Examples: � 2 CUL � Orbis Cascade Alliance Opportunities to reconsider automation implementation strategies � One library = 1 ILS? � Ability to share infrastructure across organizational boundaries?

Shared Infrastructure Northern Ireland South Australia Denmark (tender process underway) Chile Iceland

Challenge: Disjointed approach to information and service delivery Library Web sites offer a menu of unconnected silos: Books: Library OPAC (ILS online catalog module) � Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections � Open. URL linking services � E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) � Subject guides (e. g. Springshare Lib. Guides) � Local digital collections � ETDs, photos, rich media collections Metasearch engines � Discovery Services – often just another choice among many � All searched separately

Integrated service Delivery A unified interface that takes full responsibility for customer experience Avoids abrupt hand-offs Does not jettison customers away from the library presence Inward vectors of engagement

Integrating e-Books into Library Automation Infrastructure Current approach involves mostly outsourced arrangements Collections licensed wholesale from single provider Hand-off to DRM and delivery systems of providers Loading of MARC records into local catalog with linking mechanisms No ability to see availability status of e-books from the library’s online catalog or discovery interface

Online Catalog ILS Data Search: Scope of Search Results Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level Not in scope: � Articles � Book Chapters � Digital objects � Web site content � Etc.

Public Library Information Portal LMS Data Digital Collections Search: Usagegenerated Data Customer Profile Consolidated Index Search Results Web Site Content Community Information Aggregated Content packages … Customerprovided content Reference Sources Archives Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Discovery Products http: //www. librarytechnology. org/discovery. pl

Fragmented Library Management LMS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and local government or other parent organization E-book lending platform (multiple? ) Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) Self-service and AMH infrastructure Electronic Resource Management PC Scheduling and print management Event scheduling Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, Digi. Tool, etc. ) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Library management systems Traditionally focus on circulation, cataloging, and acquisitions Neglect patron-facing services New generation needs to operate as: � Customer relationship management � Enterprise Resource Management � Collection management � Patron discovery and service fulfillment

Automation priorities Current LMS model focuses on technical services Discovery interfaces and catalog address patron self-service General absence of customer relationship management � How can new generations of technology infrastructure provide tools to facilitate research support, reference, and other public services � Need to generate performance metrics for these critical library services

Comprehensive Resource Management No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials ILS + ERM + Open. URL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows

Open Systems Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies Libraries need to do more with their data Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies Demand for Interoperability Open source – full access to internal program of the application Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

Libraries need a new model of library automation Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System The ILS/LMS was designed to help libraries manage print collections Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections Other library automation products evolved: � Electronic Resource Management Systems – Open. URL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories

Library Services Platform Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfill requests, and deliver services Service oriented architecture � Exposes Web services and other API’s � Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users � Platform General infrastructure for library automation � Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service � Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data �

Library Services Platform Characteristics Highly Shared data models � Knowledgebase architecture � Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local data stores Delivered through software as a service � Multi-tenant Unified workflows across formats and media Flexible metadata management � MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX � New structures not yet invented Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability

New Library Management Model Search: Unified Presentation Layer Library Services Platform API Layer ` Stock Management Enterprise Resource Planning Learning Management Digital Coll y er Consolidated ov index ce sc vi Di Ser Self-Check / Automated Return Pro. Quest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources Smart Cad / Payment systems Authentication Service

Reassess expectations of Technology Many previous assumptions no longer apply Technology platforms scale infinitely No technical limits on how libraries share technical infrastructure Cloud technologies enable new ways of sharing metadata Build flexible systems not hardwired to any given set of workflows

Reassess workflow and organizational options ILS model shaped library organizations New Library Services Platforms may enable new ways to organize how resource management and service delivery are performed New technologies more able to support strategic priorities and initiatives

Time to engage Transition to new technology models just underway More transformative development than in previous phases of library automation Opportunities to partner and collaborate � Vendors want to create systems with long-term value Question previously held assumptions regarding the shape of technology infrastructure and services Provide leadership in defining expectations