preconception care preconception care Students Work Laura Bulbul

preconception care

preconception care Student's Work : Laura Bulbul Heba Siam Esra Samour Hanen Hamad Amina Abu Amira Azhar Darwish

Definition preconception care

Who should have a preconception care checkup If you are planning to get pregnant, you should go to a pre-pregnancy health care provider before 3 months of pregnancy. So that the pregnancy is healthy and the child is in good health.

We will talk about pre-pregnancy care from several directions First Analyzes, tests and important treatments Second Lifestyle and its impact Third Health Nutrition Fourthly Psychological health

Analyzes, tests and important treatments • Medical tests can be recommended by the doctor, such as: • 1. blood tests, and Pap smears; to ensure that there are no health problems that may harm pregnancy • 2. Examine the urine sample to be sure with no inflammation • 3. diabetes screening • 4. eye examination • 5. Examine gums and teeth • 6. German measles detection tests, • 7. Immunotherapy against hepatitis B. • 8. TSH screening to detect thyroid problems. • 9. Toxoplasmosis detection. ( )ﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ • 10. Your doctor may recommend some genetic tests such as thalassemia or sickle cell anemia.

* Pre-existing medical conditions and drugs 1. Diabetes: when left untreated theses conditions can increase risk for pregnancy complications still birth or low birth babies. 2. Epilepsy: when left untreated theses conditions can increase risk for pregnancy complications still birth or low birth babies. 3. Phenylketonuria : Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism resulting from a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and characterized by mental retardation 4. Drug abuse: increase chance for miscarriage, still birth and poor fetal development and growth.

Environmental factors 1. Smoking and Alcohol : birth defect such as hear problem and mental retardation. 2. Exercise: Women who exercise regularly usuall tolerate the stresses of labor better. 3. Workplace hazards and noxious substances: exposure to chemicals, lead, mercury and heat lead to teratogenic.

Genetic Counseling Genetic counseling is a two-way communication process in which counselor facilitates the understanding of genetic information pertinent to the counselee’s personal and family history, and assists the counselee in a non-biased manner to make an informed decision based on his/her own judgment regarding his/her reproduction and future.

Important of Genetic Counseling Genetic counseling can serve to: 1. Reassure people who are concerned about their children inheriting a particular disorder. 2. Allow people who are affected by inherited disorder to make informed choices about future production. 3. Educate people about inherited disorders and the process of inheritance. 4. Maternity nurse play important roles in assessing genetic disorders through offering support to women who seek genetic counseling and assisting couples in values clarification, planning and decision making based on test results.

• Genetic analysis is done on fetal cells obtained from amniotic fluid when there an enough amniotic fluid is present. Now can be done at 12 weeks of gestation. • Genetic counseling is the role for nurses only if they are adequately prepared in the study of genetic that without this background genetic counseling can be dangerous and destructive

* Genetic counseling 1. Chromosome abnormalities 2. Taking a thorough family history to identify risk factors for genetic conditions 3. Family planning

Reason for requesting urine examination • 1 It is part of routine tests that can detect a certain abnormality in humans. • 2 To make sure that urine is free of blood, blood may change urine color which may be indicative of some types of infections • 3 Detection of renal diseases.

Reason for requesting a blood test • The most important diseases diagnosed by this analysis are the following diseases: • 1 - Detection of types of anemia. • 2 - detection of leukemia. • 3 - Detection of bleeding diseases. • 4 - Detection of inflammation. • 5 - Detection of any defect in bone marrow function.

Eye examination • The examination of the eyes indicates many diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes, white and blue water, which are in their early stages.

Diabetes screening • Sugar is screened to protect against congenital malformation. • Based on a blood sample taken through the finger.

Examine gums and teeth Gums and teeth are examined because periodontal disease leads to premature birth and pre-eclampsia. • The most important medicines before pregnancy • Folic acid • Iron

Lifestyle The second aspect is Lifestyle: Tell your doctor about behaviors that may affect your pregnancy, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, taking drugs, or living in a bad environment to advise and help you overcome these problems.

• If a healthy lifestyle can help you improve fertility. A healthy pregnancy and a healthy child, for example: • 1. Maintain a healthy body weight. Extreme weight gain or thinness may affect hormone production and prevent natural ovulation. • 2. Avoid fatigue, taking adequate rest and sleep. • 3. Stay away from work that affects the fertility rate as harmful rays.

• 4. Keep away from smoking, alcohol and harmful substances • 5. Schedule regular examinations. • 6. Follow a healthy diet.

The third aspect is Health Nutrition Before pregnancy, women should eat foods that contain many nutrients from vitamins and minerals, including folic acid, iron, iodine and calcium.

Folic acid • 1 Folic acid helps to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus, which affect the growth and function of the brain and spinal cord.

• It is therefore recommended for any woman in the period of fertility and fertility to take a dose of folic acid about 400 micrograms a day starting by pregnancy and Continue in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, foods that contain folic acid: vegetables, nuts, beans, citrus.

Calcium • 2 Calcium is a very important component of the pregnant mother. It helps to maintain bone density. The child uses it to grow and form the bones. Therefore, it is important to have enough calcium in the mother's diet. Calcium is found in milk and egg derivatives.

Iodine and Iron • 3 Iodine: Iodine has a very vital role for thyroid function during pregnancy, Iodine deficiency can lead to abortion, and today there is in the fish and some of the vegetables. • 4 Iron: As is known for iron, it helps to form hemoglobin in the red blood cells to transport oxygen in both mother and fetus, and is found in beef Orange juice and spinach.

Iodine Iron

What foods should be avoided before pregnancy? • 1 Avoid foods that contain high amounts of fat and sugars such as cakes, biscuits and sweets. • 2 Avoid alcohol, because if pregnancy occurs, alcohol can cause birth defects of the fetus.

• 3 Reduce the intake of caffeine «coffee, tea and cola» , And you should reduce caffeine daily to less than 300 mg, or 2 cups of coffee and learn that eating more than 300 mg of caffeine a day during pregnancy can cause abortion or the birth of a low-weight child. 4 Avoid smoked meat, eggs, fish, uncooked meat and unpasteurized milk.

• Avoid high mercury fish such as sharks and replace them with low mercury fish such as salmon and tuna. High mercury fish can cause mercury to accumulate in your body for more than a year. Affect the growth of the fetus.

The fourth aspect is Psychological health Mental Health Women who suffer from depression face • twice as much fertility problems as healthy women, and can not take care of themselves completely. They can not take care of their child, so recommend pre-pregnancy mental health checks, especially if there is a history of depression in the family, You should also consult a psychiatrist, especially if you have symptoms of depression such as despair, loss of energy, change of sleep patterns and appetite, loss of pleasure, and may help the doctor to choose safe antidepressants before or during pregnancy, Some stress management techniques have been established, such as meditation and yoga, which one study suggests may help depressed women.

Effective mental health tips: 1. Eat healthy foods that help calm the nerves, and rich in calcium, because the lack of increased nervousness. 2. Get enough sleep, because it helps to improve mood. 3. Dealing intelligently with problems: This requires writing daily notes that include what bothers you an how to overcome it. 4. Do not sit alone: If you feel stressed and stressed, you must integrate with others 5. Exercise any activity to discharge negative energy such as painting or coloring. 6. A simple aerobic exercise that helps you relax.

Do mental medications affect pregnancy? • Yes, of course, that the fetus is affected by psychotherapy drugs that may cause congenital defects, including incomplete lungs, pointing out that there are necessities in cases such as severe depression or advanced cases of mental illness must be given medicine under any condition for the safety of the patient and enable them to continue to live. • • As for therapeutic alternatives, chronic conditions such as schizophrenia require pharmacological psychotherapy, but in the early pregnancy period, especially since alternatives can be used for cognitive behavioral therapy.

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