Prayer to Saint Michael the Archangel defend us

Prayer to Saint Michael, the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O prince of the heavenly hosts, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.

Section 3: Middle Colonies

English Civil War � Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan � Parliamentary forces (“Roundheads”) defeated royal forces, defeated the Royalist (“Cavaliers”) forces of King Charles I (who was executed) � Some Puritans in New England went to fight � Cromwell became Protector of the Commonwealth of England, head of new government � https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=J 9 qw. Xo. T 8 Yao

King Charles II � Reigned 1660 -1685 � 1658 – Cromwell died, Parliament brought back monarchy � Charles II, son of Charles I, became king in what is called the Restoration � 1660 – England controlled New England in the North (MA, NH, CT, RI) and Maryland Virginia in the South � 1672 – Royal Declaration of Indulgence – religious freedom for non-Anglicans in England � Parliament made him withdraw it � 1673 Test Act – all public servants must make oath of allegiance, of supremacy of monarch over Church of England, and deny transubstantiation and receive Anglican communion

The Dutch � 1621 – Dutch West India company created trading posts along Hudson River � Grew into New Netherland � Main settlement – New Amsterdam (on Manhattan Island, bought in 1626 in exchange for beads) � New Amsterdam had a good seaport � Dutch West India Company encouraged new settlers by giving large estates (patroons) to those who brought at least 50 settlers to work the land � 1655 – Dutch republic took over New Sweden during the Second Northern War (1655 -1660) in Europe

English Takeover � 1664 – English sent a fleet to invade New Amsterdam � Governor Peter Stuyvesantruled strictly & with heavy taxes � Unprepared and surrendered to English fleet

New York � King Charles II gave conquered colony to his brother, the Duke of York � Renamed colony New York � Proprietary colony – owner/proprietor owned all land controlled the government � Duke allowed settlers freedom of religion and let them keep their property

Demographics & Government �Most inhabitants were Dutch, but others were German, Swedish, Native American, and Puritans from New England (as well as 300 African slaves) �Governor and council appointed by Duke of York �People demanded representative government like other colonies � 1691 – English government allowed an elected legislature

New Jersey �Duke of York gave southern part of New York to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret �Named colony New Jersey since Carteret was born on island of Jersey in the English Channel

Bring in the Settlers �Proprietors offered: Large tracts of land Freedom of religion Trial by jury Representative assembly �New Jersey lacked one important thing: A natural harbor. You could say it was im”port”ant to have.

Pennsylvania � 1680 – wealthy English gentleman William Penn asked for land in America as payment for King Charles II’s debt to him � Pennsylvania almost size England � Penn of – Quaker (member of the Society of Friends)

Quakers �Quakers believed everyone had an “inner light” guiding him or her to salvation Church services and officials unnecessary Everyone equal in God’s sight (no slavery) Pacifism – refused to use force or fight during wars �Pennsylvania provided Quakers with freedom from religious persecution

Pennsylvania � Philadelphia – NOT the capital of Pennsylvania � Means “city of brotherly love” � 1682, William Penn supervised building of city � Penn: Wrote first PA constitution Believed in paying for, rather than stealing, Native American land � 1701 Charter of Liberties – colonists granted right to elect representatives to legislative assembly � https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Xe. L 3 jhx-ZRk

Delaware � Southernmost part of Pennsylvania called the Three Lower Counties � 1638 - settled by Swedes as New Sweden before being taken over by New Netherlands and later by the English � 1704 – formed their own legislature and became their own colony

1678 Test Act �All members of both houses of Parliament must reject prayer to the Saints, transubstantiation, and the Mass �Response to the “Popish Plot” – a made-up scheme of the papacy to replace King Charles II and take over England

Homework �No homework

Prayer to Saint Michael, the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O prince of the heavenly hosts, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.

Section 3 Assessment 1) Write a short paragraph in which you use the following key terms: patroon, proprietary colony, pacifist - Student work should reflect correct use of terms 2) What did the Charter of Liberties grant to Pennsylvania colonists? - The right to elect representatives to the legislative assembly 3) How did William Penn earn the respect of Native Americans? - He honored their claim to the land believed settlers could pay for it

Section 3 Assessment 4) How was the Quaker religion different from that of the Puritans? - Quakers had no formal church services or church officials, were tolerant of other religions, believed all people were equal, and were pacifists 5) Re-create the diagram below and describe how each of the Middle Colonies was governed. Colony Type of Government New York Owned by proprietor, then elected legislature New Jersey Owned by proprietor, became royal colony, local laws still made by colonists Pennsylvania Elected representatives 6) Review the map on page 83. What is the title of the map? - The Middle Colonies What items are shown in the key? - Grain, cattle, fish, lumber, rum, iron What products were important to Pennsylvania? - Grain, cattle, lumber, rum, iron

Homework �Study

Prayer to Saint Michael, the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O prince of the heavenly hosts, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.