Practical Research 11 th edition Paul D Leedy

Historical Research • Study of the meaning of events • Accumulation and interpretation of

Data Sources • Primary sources § Original data that appear at the time of

Data Sources • Secondary sources § Works of historians who have interpreted and written

Finding and Handling Historical Records • Have a specific plan for acquisition, organization, storage,

Evaluating and Interpreting Historical Data • Review the data sources for: § External evidence:

Other Forms of Historical Research • Psychological and conceptual research § Concerned with the

Writing a Historical Research Report • State your own argument early • Provide examples

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Historical Research • Study of the meaning of events • Accumulation and interpretation of facts • Factually supported rationale to explain how and why events happened Practical Research: Planning & Design, 11 th Edition Leedy & Ormrod Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Data Sources • Primary sources § Original data that appear at the time of or soon after the event under study § Letters, diaries, sermons, laws, census reports, etc. § Narrative/oral histories and interview data Practical Research: Planning & Design, 11 th Edition Leedy & Ormrod Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Data Sources • Secondary sources § Works of historians who have interpreted and written about primary sources § Newspaper accounts § Books and pamphlets § Government records Practical Research: Planning & Design, 11 th Edition Leedy & Ormrod Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Finding and Handling Historical Records • Have a specific plan for acquisition, organization, storage, and retrieval of data § Archival collections may allow some form of reproduction (camera, photocopies) § Online databases are often accessible Practical Research: Planning & Design, 11 th Edition Leedy & Ormrod Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Evaluating and Interpreting Historical Data • Review the data sources for: § External evidence: Is an artifact or document authentic • Carbon dating, handwriting analysis, identification of the type of ink and paper, vocabulary usage § Internal evidence: Does the source contain some clue to its creator’s intent Practical Research: Planning & Design, 11 th Edition Leedy & Ormrod Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Other Forms of Historical Research • Psychological and conceptual research § Concerned with the origin, development, and influence of ideas and concepts • Searching for roots § Focused backwards, looking for potential causal factors Practical Research: Planning & Design, 11 th Edition Leedy & Ormrod Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Writing a Historical Research Report • State your own argument early • Provide examples to support any assertion that you make • Give the fairest possible treatment of any perspectives that differ from your own • Point out the weaknesses of your own argument Practical Research: Planning & Design, 11 th Edition Leedy & Ormrod Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved