POWERTRAIN DESIGN GROUP MEETING 3 ADVISOR 2 0

POWERTRAIN DESIGN GROUP MEETING #3 ADVISOR 2. 0 Sachin Kumar Porandla Advisor Dr. Wenzhong Gao

Outline • Need for simulation tools • What is ADVISOR • Working Principle • ADVISOR GUI • Simulation of HEV • Limitations • References Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 1 of 14

Need for Simulation tools • Many configurations / energy management / control strategies • Analytical solution is difficult • Prototyping and testing is expensive & time consuming • Optimization can be arduous task since there are literally hundreds of parameters affecting its performance Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 2 of 14

ADVISOR • ADVISOR = Advanced Veh. Icle Simulat. OR -- simulates conventional, electric, hybrid (series, parallel, fuel cell) vehicles • ADVISOR was created in 1994 to support DOE Hybrid program in NREL. • Part of a larger system analysis effort from NREL and DOE • Commercialized from 2002, available from AVL Powertrain Engineering Inc. , Plymouth, Michigan. • Downloaded by over 4000 people around the world Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 3 of 14

Advisor contd. . . • ADVISOR operates in the MATLAB/Simulink environment -- Matlab is chosen for its programming ability, modeling flexibility, optimization toolbox and visualization tools • Vehicle data is provided in Matlab files (m files) and models are developed in Simulink (calculations) • Empirical model using drivetrain component performances • Graphical User Interface (GUI), allows the user to model any type of ICE/EV/HEV by easily changing the vehicle configuration and parameters without having to modify the Simulink block diagrams. Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 4 of 14

Advisor contd… ADVISOR will allow the user to answer questions like: • • • Was the vehicle able to follow the speed trace? How much fuel and/or electric energy were required in the attempt? How does the state-of-charge of the batteries fluctuate throughout a cycle? What were the peak powers delivered by the drivetrain components? What was the distribution of torques and speeds that the piston engine delivered? What was the average efficiency of the transmission? • Predicts fuel economy, emissions, accel. performance and grade sustainability and optimization Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 5 of 14

Working Principle • Advisor is a backward facing model with limited forward facing capabilities • In backward-facing calculations, no driver behavior is required. The user must input the driving pattern, a velocity profile, called the speed trace. The force required to accelerate the vehicle is calculated and translated into torque. This procedure is repeated at each stage from the vehicle/road interface through the transmission, drivetrain, etc. , until the fuel use or energy use is calculated • In forward-facing calculations, the user inputs the driver model, then the simulator generates throttle and brake commands that are changed into engine torque, which is passed to the transmission model and passed through the drivetrain until a tractive force is computed. Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 6 of 14

Principle contd… HEV model backward-facing model pass torque, speed, and power requirement up the drivetrain forward-facing model pass available torque, speed, force and power through the drivetrain represent model (data processing modules) contains all data processing elements, such as “Sum” and “Product” blocks and look-up tables, necessary to model Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 7 of 14

ADVISOR GUI 1. User can select his own vehicle configuration & components using dropdown menus user can modify variables in the variable list autosize: accel’n/grade constraints and optimizing drivetrain components 2. Graphical representation of the powertrain selected 2 1 3 3. Shows the performance information of the components (efficiency contours, emission contours and Intelligent Powertrain Design batteries Page 8 of 14

GUI contd… autosize window accel’n options grade options Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 9 of 14

GUI contd… 1. User can select a drivecycle/test procedure, no. of cycles etc. Declare initial conditions soc correction for HEV 2. Gradeability and accel’n requirements parametric analysis can be done 1 2 3 3. Views drive cycle selected and associated statistics/description Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 10 of 14

GUI contd… 1. Shows the fuel econ. , gasoline equivalent and distance covered 2. Emission data 3. Accel’n and Gradeability 4. Warnings: if the trace is not met or failed in performance criteria 5. Plot control 6. Graphs: max. 4 plots Intelligent Powertrain Design Results Screen 6 5 1 2 3 4 Page 11 of 14

Simulation of a Hybrid Electric vehicle • A default parallel HEV is simulated. The parameters can be obtained by just inserting ‘parallel’ in ‘drivetrain config’ menu box • Objective is to minimize the engine size, meeting the constraints Constraints 0 – 60 mph 40 – 60 mph 0 – 85 mph distance in 5 s time in 0. 25 mi max. accel. Rate max. speed gradeability <= 12 s <= 5. 3 s <= 23. 4 s >= 140 ft <= 20 s >= 17 ft/s 2 >= 90 mph = 6% at 55 mph Meets the constraints at 41 k. W Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 12 of 14

Simulation of a Hybrid Electric vehicle meets constraints at 40 k. W meets constraints at 39 k. W Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 13 of 14

Simulation of a Hybrid Electric vehicle meets constraints at 38 k. W Fails to meet the gradeconstraints at 37 k. W Minimum size of engine for this config. Can be 38 k. W Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 14 of 14

Limitations • analysis tool, and not originally intended as a detailed design tool • Component models are quasi-static, and cannot be used to predict phenomena with a time scale of less than a tenth of a second or so • Physical vibrations, electric field oscillations and other dynamics cannot be captured using ADVISOR, however recent linkages with other tools such as Saber, Simplorer, and Sinda/Fluint allow a detailed study of these transients in those tools with the vehicle level impacts linked back into ADVISOR Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 15 of 14

References • Wipke, K. , Cuddy, M. , Burch, S. , “ADVISOR 2. 1: A User-Friendly Advanced Powertrain Simulation Using a Combined Backward/Forward Approach, ” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology: Special Issue on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles. (8/99) • Wipke K. et. al, “ADVISOR 2. 0: A Second-Generation Advanced Vehicle Simulator for Systems Analysis, ” NREL NAEVI ’ 98 paper presented in Phoenix, AZ. (12/98) • ADVISOR 2002 documentation • K. M. Stevens, “ A versatile computer model for the design of the design and analysis of electric and hybrid drivetrains, ” Master’s thesis, Texas A&M Univ. , 1996. • J. Larminie and J. Lowry, “Electric vehicle technology explained, ” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. , England, 2003 Intelligent Powertrain Design Page 16 of 14